suyu/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include "common/alignment.h"
#include "common/assert.h"
#include "common/logging/log.h"
#include "common/math_util.h"
#include "common/microprofile.h"
#include "common/scope_exit.h"
#include "core/core.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
#include "core/settings.h"
#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/maxwell_to_gl.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h"

using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
using PixelFormat = SurfaceParams::PixelFormat;
using SurfaceType = SurfaceParams::SurfaceType;

MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_VAO, "OpenGL", "Vertex Array Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_VS, "OpenGL", "Vertex Shader Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_FS, "OpenGL", "Fragment Shader Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Drawing, "OpenGL", "Drawing", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Blits, "OpenGL", "Blits", MP_RGB(100, 100, 255));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_CacheManagement, "OpenGL", "Cache Mgmt", MP_RGB(100, 255, 100));

RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL() {
    has_ARB_buffer_storage = false;
    has_ARB_direct_state_access = false;
    has_ARB_separate_shader_objects = false;
    has_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding = false;

    // Create sampler objects
    for (size_t i = 0; i < texture_samplers.size(); ++i) {
        texture_samplers[i].Create();
        state.texture_units[i].sampler = texture_samplers[i].sampler.handle;
    }

    // Create SSBOs
    for (size_t stage = 0; stage < ssbos.size(); ++stage) {
        for (size_t buffer = 0; buffer < ssbos[stage].size(); ++buffer) {
            ssbos[stage][buffer].Create();
            state.draw.const_buffers[stage][buffer].ssbo = ssbos[stage][buffer].handle;
        }
    }

    GLint ext_num;
    glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_EXTENSIONS, &ext_num);
    for (GLint i = 0; i < ext_num; i++) {
        std::string extension{reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetStringi(GL_EXTENSIONS, i))};

        if (extension == "GL_ARB_buffer_storage") {
            has_ARB_buffer_storage = true;
        } else if (extension == "GL_ARB_direct_state_access") {
            has_ARB_direct_state_access = true;
        } else if (extension == "GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects") {
            has_ARB_separate_shader_objects = true;
        } else if (extension == "GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding") {
            has_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding = true;
        }
    }

    ASSERT_MSG(has_ARB_separate_shader_objects, "has_ARB_separate_shader_objects is unsupported");

    // Clipping plane 0 is always enabled for PICA fixed clip plane z <= 0
    state.clip_distance[0] = true;

    // Generate VAO and UBO
    sw_vao.Create();
    uniform_buffer.Create();

    state.draw.vertex_array = sw_vao.handle;
    state.draw.uniform_buffer = uniform_buffer.handle;
    state.Apply();

    // Create render framebuffer
    framebuffer.Create();

    hw_vao.Create();

    stream_buffer = OGLStreamBuffer::MakeBuffer(has_ARB_buffer_storage, GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
    stream_buffer->Create(STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE / 2);
    state.draw.vertex_buffer = stream_buffer->GetHandle();

    shader_program_manager = std::make_unique<GLShader::ProgramManager>();
    state.draw.shader_program = 0;
    state.draw.vertex_array = hw_vao.handle;
    state.Apply();

    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, stream_buffer->GetHandle());

    for (unsigned index = 0; index < uniform_buffers.size(); ++index) {
        auto& buffer = uniform_buffers[index];
        buffer.Create();
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, buffer.handle);
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, sizeof(GLShader::MaxwellUniformData), nullptr,
                     GL_STREAM_COPY);
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, index, buffer.handle);
    }

    accelerate_draw = AccelDraw::Disabled;

    glEnable(GL_BLEND);

    NGLOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Sync fixed function OpenGL state here!");
}

RasterizerOpenGL::~RasterizerOpenGL() {
    if (stream_buffer != nullptr) {
        state.draw.vertex_buffer = stream_buffer->GetHandle();
        state.Apply();
        stream_buffer->Release();
    }
}

std::pair<u8*, GLintptr> RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexArrays(u8* array_ptr,
                                                             GLintptr buffer_offset) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_VAO);
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
    const auto& memory_manager = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().memory_manager;

    state.draw.vertex_array = hw_vao.handle;
    state.draw.vertex_buffer = stream_buffer->GetHandle();
    state.Apply();

    // Upload all guest vertex arrays sequentially to our buffer
    for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
        const auto& vertex_array = regs.vertex_array[index];
        if (!vertex_array.IsEnabled())
            continue;

        const Tegra::GPUVAddr start = vertex_array.StartAddress();
        const Tegra::GPUVAddr end = regs.vertex_array_limit[index].LimitAddress();

        ASSERT(end > start);
        u64 size = end - start + 1;

        // Copy vertex array data
        Memory::ReadBlock(*memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(start), array_ptr, size);

        // Bind the vertex array to the buffer at the current offset.
        glBindVertexBuffer(index, stream_buffer->GetHandle(), buffer_offset, vertex_array.stride);

        ASSERT_MSG(vertex_array.divisor == 0, "Vertex buffer divisor unimplemented");

        array_ptr += size;
        buffer_offset += size;
    }

    // Use the vertex array as-is, assumes that the data is formatted correctly for OpenGL.
    // Enables the first 16 vertex attributes always, as we don't know which ones are actually used
    // until shader time. Note, Tegra technically supports 32, but we're capping this to 16 for now
    // to avoid OpenGL errors.
    // TODO(Subv): Analyze the shader to identify which attributes are actually used and don't
    // assume every shader uses them all.
    for (unsigned index = 0; index < 16; ++index) {
        auto& attrib = regs.vertex_attrib_format[index];
        NGLOG_DEBUG(HW_GPU, "vertex attrib {}, count={}, size={}, type={}, offset={}, normalize={}",
                    index, attrib.ComponentCount(), attrib.SizeString(), attrib.TypeString(),
                    attrib.offset.Value(), attrib.IsNormalized());

        auto& buffer = regs.vertex_array[attrib.buffer];
        ASSERT(buffer.IsEnabled());

        glEnableVertexAttribArray(index);
        glVertexAttribFormat(index, attrib.ComponentCount(), MaxwellToGL::VertexType(attrib),
                             attrib.IsNormalized() ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE, attrib.offset);
        glVertexAttribBinding(index, attrib.buffer);
    }

    return {array_ptr, buffer_offset};
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(u8* buffer_ptr, GLintptr buffer_offset) {
    // Helper function for uploading uniform data
    const auto copy_buffer = [&](GLuint handle, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size) {
        if (has_ARB_direct_state_access) {
            glCopyNamedBufferSubData(stream_buffer->GetHandle(), handle, offset, 0, size);
        } else {
            glBindBuffer(GL_COPY_WRITE_BUFFER, handle);
            glCopyBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_COPY_WRITE_BUFFER, offset, 0, size);
        }
    };

    auto& gpu = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D();
    ASSERT_MSG(!gpu.regs.shader_config[0].enable, "VertexA is unsupported!");

    // Next available bindpoints to use when uploading the const buffers and textures to the GLSL
    // shaders. The constbuffer bindpoint starts after the shader stage configuration bind points.
    u32 current_constbuffer_bindpoint = uniform_buffers.size();
    u32 current_texture_bindpoint = 0;

    for (unsigned index = 1; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
        auto& shader_config = gpu.regs.shader_config[index];
        const Maxwell::ShaderProgram program{static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index)};

        const auto& stage = index - 1; // Stage indices are 0 - 5

        const bool is_enabled = gpu.IsShaderStageEnabled(static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderStage>(stage));

        // Skip stages that are not enabled
        if (!is_enabled) {
            continue;
        }

        GLShader::MaxwellUniformData ubo{};
        ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu.state.shader_stages[stage]);
        std::memcpy(buffer_ptr, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));

        // Flush the buffer so that the GPU can see the data we just wrote.
        glFlushMappedBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer_offset, sizeof(ubo));

        // Upload uniform data as one UBO per stage
        const GLintptr ubo_offset = buffer_offset;
        copy_buffer(uniform_buffers[stage].handle, ubo_offset,
                    sizeof(GLShader::MaxwellUniformData));

        buffer_ptr += sizeof(GLShader::MaxwellUniformData);
        buffer_offset += sizeof(GLShader::MaxwellUniformData);

        // Fetch program code from memory
        GLShader::ProgramCode program_code;
        const u64 gpu_address{gpu.regs.code_address.CodeAddress() + shader_config.offset};
        const boost::optional<VAddr> cpu_address{gpu.memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_address)};
        Memory::ReadBlock(*cpu_address, program_code.data(), program_code.size() * sizeof(u64));
        GLShader::ShaderSetup setup{std::move(program_code)};

        GLShader::ShaderEntries shader_resources;

        switch (program) {
        case Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexB: {
            GLShader::MaxwellVSConfig vs_config{setup};
            shader_resources =
                shader_program_manager->UseProgrammableVertexShader(vs_config, setup);
            break;
        }
        case Maxwell::ShaderProgram::Fragment: {
            GLShader::MaxwellFSConfig fs_config{setup};
            shader_resources =
                shader_program_manager->UseProgrammableFragmentShader(fs_config, setup);
            break;
        }
        default:
            NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented shader index={}, enable={}, offset=0x{:08X}",
                           index, shader_config.enable.Value(), shader_config.offset);
            UNREACHABLE();
        }

        GLuint gl_stage_program = shader_program_manager->GetCurrentProgramStage(
            static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderStage>(stage));

        // Configure the const buffers for this shader stage.
        current_constbuffer_bindpoint =
            SetupConstBuffers(static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderStage>(stage), gl_stage_program,
                              current_constbuffer_bindpoint, shader_resources.const_buffer_entries);

        // Configure the textures for this shader stage.
        current_texture_bindpoint =
            SetupTextures(static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderStage>(stage), gl_stage_program,
                          current_texture_bindpoint, shader_resources.texture_samplers);
    }

    shader_program_manager->UseTrivialGeometryShader();
}

size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;

    size_t size = 0;
    for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
        if (!regs.vertex_array[index].IsEnabled())
            continue;

        const Tegra::GPUVAddr start = regs.vertex_array[index].StartAddress();
        const Tegra::GPUVAddr end = regs.vertex_array_limit[index].LimitAddress();

        ASSERT(end > start);
        size += end - start + 1;
    }

    return size;
}

bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDrawBatch(bool is_indexed) {
    accelerate_draw = is_indexed ? AccelDraw::Indexed : AccelDraw::Arrays;
    DrawArrays();
    return true;
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawArrays() {
    if (accelerate_draw == AccelDraw::Disabled)
        return;

    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Drawing);
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;

    // Sync the depth test state before configuring the framebuffer surfaces.
    SyncDepthTestState();

    // TODO(bunnei): Implement this
    const bool has_stencil = false;

    const bool using_color_fb = true;
    const bool using_depth_fb = regs.zeta.Address() != 0;

    const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32> viewport_rect{regs.viewport_transform[0].GetRect()};

    const bool write_color_fb =
        state.color_mask.red_enabled == GL_TRUE || state.color_mask.green_enabled == GL_TRUE ||
        state.color_mask.blue_enabled == GL_TRUE || state.color_mask.alpha_enabled == GL_TRUE;

    const bool write_depth_fb =
        (state.depth.test_enabled && state.depth.write_mask == GL_TRUE) ||
        (has_stencil && state.stencil.test_enabled && state.stencil.write_mask != 0);

    Surface color_surface;
    Surface depth_surface;
    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> surfaces_rect;
    std::tie(color_surface, depth_surface, surfaces_rect) =
        res_cache.GetFramebufferSurfaces(using_color_fb, using_depth_fb, viewport_rect);

    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> draw_rect{
        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left,
                                         surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Left
        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.top,
                                         surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top)), // Top
        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.right,
                                         surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Right
        static_cast<u32>(
            std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.bottom,
                            surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top))}; // Bottom

    // Bind the framebuffer surfaces
    BindFramebufferSurfaces(color_surface, depth_surface, has_stencil);

    SyncViewport(surfaces_rect);
    SyncBlendState();
    SyncCullMode();

    // TODO(bunnei): Sync framebuffer_scale uniform here
    // TODO(bunnei): Sync scissorbox uniform(s) here

    // Viewport can have negative offsets or larger dimensions than our framebuffer sub-rect. Enable
    // scissor test to prevent drawing outside of the framebuffer region
    state.scissor.enabled = true;
    state.scissor.x = draw_rect.left;
    state.scissor.y = draw_rect.bottom;
    state.scissor.width = draw_rect.GetWidth();
    state.scissor.height = draw_rect.GetHeight();
    state.Apply();

    // Draw the vertex batch
    const bool is_indexed = accelerate_draw == AccelDraw::Indexed;
    const u64 index_buffer_size{regs.index_array.count * regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes()};
    const unsigned vertex_num{is_indexed ? regs.index_array.count : regs.vertex_buffer.count};

    state.draw.vertex_buffer = stream_buffer->GetHandle();
    state.Apply();

    size_t buffer_size = CalculateVertexArraysSize();

    if (is_indexed) {
        buffer_size = Common::AlignUp<size_t>(buffer_size, 4) + index_buffer_size;
    }

    // Uniform space for the 5 shader stages
    buffer_size = Common::AlignUp<size_t>(buffer_size, 4) +
                  sizeof(GLShader::MaxwellUniformData) * Maxwell::MaxShaderStage;

    u8* buffer_ptr;
    GLintptr buffer_offset;
    std::tie(buffer_ptr, buffer_offset) =
        stream_buffer->Map(static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(buffer_size), 4);

    u8* offseted_buffer;
    std::tie(offseted_buffer, buffer_offset) = SetupVertexArrays(buffer_ptr, buffer_offset);

    offseted_buffer =
        reinterpret_cast<u8*>(Common::AlignUp(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(offseted_buffer), 4));
    buffer_offset = Common::AlignUp<size_t>(buffer_offset, 4);

    // If indexed mode, copy the index buffer
    GLintptr index_buffer_offset = 0;
    if (is_indexed) {
        const auto& memory_manager = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().memory_manager;
        const boost::optional<VAddr> index_data_addr{
            memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(regs.index_array.StartAddress())};
        Memory::ReadBlock(*index_data_addr, offseted_buffer, index_buffer_size);

        index_buffer_offset = buffer_offset;
        offseted_buffer += index_buffer_size;
        buffer_offset += index_buffer_size;
    }

    offseted_buffer =
        reinterpret_cast<u8*>(Common::AlignUp(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(offseted_buffer), 4));
    buffer_offset = Common::AlignUp<size_t>(buffer_offset, 4);

    SetupShaders(offseted_buffer, buffer_offset);

    stream_buffer->Unmap();

    shader_program_manager->ApplyTo(state);
    state.Apply();

    const GLenum primitive_mode{MaxwellToGL::PrimitiveTopology(regs.draw.topology)};
    if (is_indexed) {
        const GLint base_vertex{static_cast<GLint>(regs.vb_element_base)};

        // Adjust the index buffer offset so it points to the first desired index.
        index_buffer_offset += regs.index_array.first * regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes();

        glDrawElementsBaseVertex(primitive_mode, regs.index_array.count,
                                 MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(regs.index_array.format),
                                 reinterpret_cast<const void*>(index_buffer_offset), base_vertex);
    } else {
        glDrawArrays(primitive_mode, regs.vertex_buffer.first, regs.vertex_buffer.count);
    }

    // Disable scissor test
    state.scissor.enabled = false;

    accelerate_draw = AccelDraw::Disabled;

    // Unbind textures for potential future use as framebuffer attachments
    for (auto& texture_unit : state.texture_units) {
        texture_unit.Unbind();
    }
    state.Apply();

    // Mark framebuffer surfaces as dirty
    if (color_surface != nullptr && write_color_fb) {
        res_cache.MarkSurfaceAsDirty(color_surface);
    }
    if (depth_surface != nullptr && write_depth_fb) {
        res_cache.MarkSurfaceAsDirty(depth_surface);
    }
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::NotifyMaxwellRegisterChanged(u32 method) {}

void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAll() {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
    res_cache.FlushRegion(0, Kernel::VMManager::MAX_ADDRESS);
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
    res_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
    res_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
}

bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplayTransfer(const void* config) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Blits);
    UNREACHABLE();
    return true;
}

bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateTextureCopy(const void* config) {
    UNREACHABLE();
    return true;
}

bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateFill(const void* config) {
    UNREACHABLE();
    return true;
}

bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                         VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride,
                                         ScreenInfo& screen_info) {
    if (!framebuffer_addr) {
        return {};
    }

    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);

    const auto& surface{res_cache.TryFindFramebufferSurface(framebuffer_addr)};
    if (!surface) {
        return {};
    }

    // Verify that the cached surface is the same size and format as the requested framebuffer
    const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
    const auto& pixel_format{SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(config.pixel_format)};
    ASSERT_MSG(params.width == config.width, "Framebuffer width is different");
    ASSERT_MSG(params.height == config.height, "Framebuffer height is different");
    ASSERT_MSG(params.pixel_format == pixel_format, "Framebuffer pixel_format is different");

    screen_info.display_texture = surface->Texture().handle;

    return true;
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SamplerInfo::Create() {
    sampler.Create();
    mag_filter = min_filter = Tegra::Texture::TextureFilter::Linear;
    wrap_u = wrap_v = Tegra::Texture::WrapMode::Wrap;
    border_color_r = border_color_g = border_color_b = border_color_a = 0;

    // default is GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR
    glSamplerParameteri(sampler.handle, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // Other attributes have correct defaults
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SamplerInfo::SyncWithConfig(const Tegra::Texture::TSCEntry& config) {
    GLuint s = sampler.handle;

    if (mag_filter != config.mag_filter) {
        mag_filter = config.mag_filter;
        glSamplerParameteri(s, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, MaxwellToGL::TextureFilterMode(mag_filter));
    }
    if (min_filter != config.min_filter) {
        min_filter = config.min_filter;
        glSamplerParameteri(s, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, MaxwellToGL::TextureFilterMode(min_filter));
    }

    if (wrap_u != config.wrap_u) {
        wrap_u = config.wrap_u;
        glSamplerParameteri(s, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, MaxwellToGL::WrapMode(wrap_u));
    }
    if (wrap_v != config.wrap_v) {
        wrap_v = config.wrap_v;
        glSamplerParameteri(s, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, MaxwellToGL::WrapMode(wrap_v));
    }

    if (wrap_u == Tegra::Texture::WrapMode::Border || wrap_v == Tegra::Texture::WrapMode::Border) {
        // TODO(Subv): Implement border color
        ASSERT(false);
    }
}

u32 RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffers(Maxwell::ShaderStage stage, GLuint program,
                                        u32 current_bindpoint,
                                        const std::vector<GLShader::ConstBufferEntry>& entries) {
    auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
    auto& maxwell3d = gpu.Get3DEngine();

    ASSERT_MSG(maxwell3d.IsShaderStageEnabled(stage),
               "Attempted to upload constbuffer of disabled shader stage");

    // Reset all buffer draw state for this stage.
    for (auto& buffer : state.draw.const_buffers[static_cast<size_t>(stage)]) {
        buffer.bindpoint = 0;
        buffer.enabled = false;
    }

    // Upload only the enabled buffers from the 16 constbuffers of each shader stage
    auto& shader_stage = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[static_cast<size_t>(stage)];

    for (u32 bindpoint = 0; bindpoint < entries.size(); ++bindpoint) {
        const auto& used_buffer = entries[bindpoint];
        const auto& buffer = shader_stage.const_buffers[used_buffer.GetIndex()];
        auto& buffer_draw_state =
            state.draw.const_buffers[static_cast<size_t>(stage)][used_buffer.GetIndex()];

        ASSERT_MSG(buffer.enabled, "Attempted to upload disabled constbuffer");
        buffer_draw_state.enabled = true;
        buffer_draw_state.bindpoint = current_bindpoint + bindpoint;

        boost::optional<VAddr> addr = gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(buffer.address);

        size_t size = 0;

        if (used_buffer.IsIndirect()) {
            // Buffer is accessed indirectly, so upload the entire thing
            size = buffer.size * sizeof(float);

            if (size > MaxConstbufferSize) {
                NGLOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "indirect constbuffer size {} exceeds maximum {}", size,
                            MaxConstbufferSize);
                size = MaxConstbufferSize;
            }
        } else {
            // Buffer is accessed directly, upload just what we use
            size = used_buffer.GetSize() * sizeof(float);
        }

        // Align the actual size so it ends up being a multiple of vec4 to meet the OpenGL std140
        // UBO alignment requirements.
        size = Common::AlignUp(size, sizeof(GLvec4));
        ASSERT_MSG(size <= MaxConstbufferSize, "Constbuffer too big");

        std::vector<u8> data(size);
        Memory::ReadBlock(*addr, data.data(), data.size());

        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, buffer_draw_state.ssbo);
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, data.size(), data.data(), GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);

        // Now configure the bindpoint of the buffer inside the shader
        std::string buffer_name = used_buffer.GetName();
        GLuint index = glGetProgramResourceIndex(program, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK, buffer_name.c_str());
        if (index != -1)
            glUniformBlockBinding(program, index, buffer_draw_state.bindpoint);
    }

    state.Apply();

    return current_bindpoint + static_cast<u32>(entries.size());
}

u32 RasterizerOpenGL::SetupTextures(Maxwell::ShaderStage stage, GLuint program, u32 current_unit,
                                    const std::vector<GLShader::SamplerEntry>& entries) {
    auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
    auto& maxwell3d = gpu.Get3DEngine();

    ASSERT_MSG(maxwell3d.IsShaderStageEnabled(stage),
               "Attempted to upload textures of disabled shader stage");

    ASSERT_MSG(current_unit + entries.size() <= std::size(state.texture_units),
               "Exceeded the number of active textures.");

    for (u32 bindpoint = 0; bindpoint < entries.size(); ++bindpoint) {
        const auto& entry = entries[bindpoint];
        u32 current_bindpoint = current_unit + bindpoint;

        // Bind the uniform to the sampler.
        GLint uniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, entry.GetName().c_str());
        ASSERT(uniform != -1);
        glProgramUniform1i(program, uniform, current_bindpoint);

        const auto texture = maxwell3d.GetStageTexture(entry.GetStage(), entry.GetOffset());

        if (!texture.enabled) {
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].texture_2d = 0;
            continue;
        }

        texture_samplers[current_bindpoint].SyncWithConfig(texture.tsc);
        Surface surface = res_cache.GetTextureSurface(texture);
        if (surface != nullptr) {
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].texture_2d = surface->Texture().handle;
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.r =
                MaxwellToGL::SwizzleSource(texture.tic.x_source);
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.g =
                MaxwellToGL::SwizzleSource(texture.tic.y_source);
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.b =
                MaxwellToGL::SwizzleSource(texture.tic.z_source);
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.a =
                MaxwellToGL::SwizzleSource(texture.tic.w_source);
        } else {
            // Can occur when texture addr is null or its memory is unmapped/invalid
            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].texture_2d = 0;
        }
    }

    state.Apply();

    return current_unit + static_cast<u32>(entries.size());
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::BindFramebufferSurfaces(const Surface& color_surface,
                                               const Surface& depth_surface, bool has_stencil) {
    state.draw.draw_framebuffer = framebuffer.handle;
    state.Apply();

    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                           color_surface != nullptr ? color_surface->Texture().handle : 0, 0);
    if (depth_surface != nullptr) {
        if (has_stencil) {
            // attach both depth and stencil
            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                                   depth_surface->Texture().handle, 0);
        } else {
            // attach depth
            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                                   depth_surface->Texture().handle, 0);
            // clear stencil attachment
            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
        }
    } else {
        // clear both depth and stencil attachment
        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,
                               0);
    }
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& surfaces_rect) {
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
    const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32> viewport_rect{regs.viewport_transform[0].GetRect()};

    state.viewport.x = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left;
    state.viewport.y = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.bottom;
    state.viewport.width = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetWidth());
    state.viewport.height = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetHeight());
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipEnabled() {
    UNREACHABLE();
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipCoef() {
    UNREACHABLE();
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;

    state.cull.enabled = regs.cull.enabled != 0;
    state.cull.front_face = MaxwellToGL::FrontFace(regs.cull.front_face);
    state.cull.mode = MaxwellToGL::CullFace(regs.cull.cull_face);
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthScale() {
    UNREACHABLE();
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthOffset() {
    UNREACHABLE();
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;

    state.depth.test_enabled = regs.depth_test_enable != 0;
    state.depth.write_mask = regs.depth_write_enabled ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
    state.depth.test_func = MaxwellToGL::ComparisonOp(regs.depth_test_func);
}

void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
    const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;

    // TODO(Subv): Support more than just render target 0.
    state.blend.enabled = regs.blend.enable[0] != 0;

    if (!state.blend.enabled)
        return;

    ASSERT_MSG(regs.independent_blend_enable == 1, "Only independent blending is implemented");
    ASSERT_MSG(!regs.independent_blend[0].separate_alpha, "Unimplemented");
    state.blend.rgb_equation = MaxwellToGL::BlendEquation(regs.independent_blend[0].equation_rgb);
    state.blend.src_rgb_func = MaxwellToGL::BlendFunc(regs.independent_blend[0].factor_source_rgb);
    state.blend.dst_rgb_func = MaxwellToGL::BlendFunc(regs.independent_blend[0].factor_dest_rgb);
    state.blend.a_equation = MaxwellToGL::BlendEquation(regs.independent_blend[0].equation_a);
    state.blend.src_a_func = MaxwellToGL::BlendFunc(regs.independent_blend[0].factor_source_a);
    state.blend.dst_a_func = MaxwellToGL::BlendFunc(regs.independent_blend[0].factor_dest_a);
}