suyu/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>

#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"

#include "common/assert.h"
#include "common/logging/log.h"
#include "common/microprofile.h"
#include "common/scope_exit.h"
#include "common/settings.h"
#include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h"
#include "video_core/control/channel_state.h"
#include "video_core/engines/draw_manager.h"
#include "video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h"
#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/fixed_pipeline_state.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/maxwell_to_vk.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h"
#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h"
#include "video_core/shader_cache.h"
#include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache_base.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"

namespace Vulkan {

using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
using MaxwellDrawState = Tegra::Engines::DrawManager::State;
using VideoCommon::ImageViewId;
using VideoCommon::ImageViewType;

MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(Vulkan_WaitForWorker, "Vulkan", "Wait for worker", MP_RGB(255, 192, 192));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(Vulkan_Drawing, "Vulkan", "Record drawing", MP_RGB(192, 128, 128));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(Vulkan_Compute, "Vulkan", "Record compute", MP_RGB(192, 128, 128));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(Vulkan_Clearing, "Vulkan", "Record clearing", MP_RGB(192, 128, 128));
MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(Vulkan_PipelineCache, "Vulkan", "Pipeline cache", MP_RGB(192, 128, 128));

namespace {
struct DrawParams {
    u32 base_instance;
    u32 num_instances;
    u32 base_vertex;
    u32 num_vertices;
    u32 first_index;
    bool is_indexed;
};

VkViewport GetViewportState(const Device& device, const Maxwell& regs, size_t index, float scale) {
    const auto& src = regs.viewport_transform[index];
    const auto conv = [scale](float value) {
        float new_value = value * scale;
        if (scale < 1.0f) {
            const bool sign = std::signbit(value);
            new_value = std::round(std::abs(new_value));
            new_value = sign ? -new_value : new_value;
        }
        return new_value;
    };
    const float x = conv(src.translate_x - src.scale_x);
    const float width = conv(src.scale_x * 2.0f);
    float y = conv(src.translate_y - src.scale_y);
    float height = conv(src.scale_y * 2.0f);
    bool y_negate = regs.window_origin.mode != Maxwell::WindowOrigin::Mode::UpperLeft;

    if (!device.IsNvViewportSwizzleSupported()) {
        y_negate = y_negate != (src.swizzle.y == Maxwell::ViewportSwizzle::NegativeY);
    }

    if (y_negate) {
        y += conv(static_cast<f32>(regs.surface_clip.height));
        height = -height;
    }

    const float reduce_z = regs.depth_mode == Maxwell::DepthMode::MinusOneToOne ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
    VkViewport viewport{
        .x = x,
        .y = y,
        .width = width != 0.0f ? width : 1.0f,
        .height = height != 0.0f ? height : 1.0f,
        .minDepth = src.translate_z - src.scale_z * reduce_z,
        .maxDepth = src.translate_z + src.scale_z,
    };
    if (!device.IsExtDepthRangeUnrestrictedSupported()) {
        viewport.minDepth = std::clamp(viewport.minDepth, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        viewport.maxDepth = std::clamp(viewport.maxDepth, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    }
    return viewport;
}

VkRect2D GetScissorState(const Maxwell& regs, size_t index, u32 up_scale = 1, u32 down_shift = 0) {
    const auto& src = regs.scissor_test[index];
    VkRect2D scissor;
    const auto scale_up = [&](s32 value) -> s32 {
        if (value == 0) {
            return 0U;
        }
        const s32 upset = value * up_scale;
        s32 acumm = 0;
        if ((up_scale >> down_shift) == 0) {
            acumm = upset % 2;
        }
        const s32 converted_value = (value * up_scale) >> down_shift;
        return value < 0 ? std::min<s32>(converted_value - acumm, -1)
                         : std::max<s32>(converted_value + acumm, 1);
    };
    if (src.enable) {
        scissor.offset.x = scale_up(static_cast<s32>(src.min_x));
        scissor.offset.y = scale_up(static_cast<s32>(src.min_y));
        scissor.extent.width = scale_up(src.max_x - src.min_x);
        scissor.extent.height = scale_up(src.max_y - src.min_y);
    } else {
        scissor.offset.x = 0;
        scissor.offset.y = 0;
        scissor.extent.width = std::numeric_limits<s32>::max();
        scissor.extent.height = std::numeric_limits<s32>::max();
    }
    return scissor;
}

DrawParams MakeDrawParams(const MaxwellDrawState& draw_state, u32 num_instances, bool is_indexed) {
    DrawParams params{
        .base_instance = draw_state.base_instance,
        .num_instances = num_instances,
        .base_vertex = is_indexed ? draw_state.base_index : draw_state.vertex_buffer.first,
        .num_vertices = is_indexed ? draw_state.index_buffer.count : draw_state.vertex_buffer.count,
        .first_index = is_indexed ? draw_state.index_buffer.first : 0,
        .is_indexed = is_indexed,
    };
    // 6 triangle vertices per quad, base vertex is part of the index
    // See BindQuadIndexBuffer for more details
    if (draw_state.topology == Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::Quads) {
        params.num_vertices = (params.num_vertices / 4) * 6;
        params.base_vertex = 0;
        params.is_indexed = true;
    } else if (draw_state.topology == Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::QuadStrip) {
        params.num_vertices = (params.num_vertices - 2) / 2 * 6;
        params.base_vertex = 0;
        params.is_indexed = true;
    }
    return params;
}
} // Anonymous namespace

RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                                   Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, ScreenInfo& screen_info_,
                                   const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
                                   StateTracker& state_tracker_, Scheduler& scheduler_)
    : RasterizerAccelerated{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_}, screen_info{screen_info_}, device{device_},
      memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, state_tracker{state_tracker_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
      staging_pool(device, memory_allocator, scheduler), descriptor_pool(device, scheduler),
      guest_descriptor_queue(device, scheduler), compute_pass_descriptor_queue(device, scheduler),
      blit_image(device, scheduler, state_tracker, descriptor_pool), render_pass_cache(device),
      texture_cache_runtime{
          device,     scheduler,         memory_allocator, staging_pool,
          blit_image, render_pass_cache, descriptor_pool,  compute_pass_descriptor_queue},
      texture_cache(texture_cache_runtime, *this),
      buffer_cache_runtime(device, memory_allocator, scheduler, staging_pool,
                           guest_descriptor_queue, compute_pass_descriptor_queue, descriptor_pool),
      buffer_cache(*this, cpu_memory_, buffer_cache_runtime),
      query_cache_runtime(this, cpu_memory_, buffer_cache, device, memory_allocator, scheduler,
                          staging_pool, compute_pass_descriptor_queue, descriptor_pool),
      query_cache(gpu, *this, cpu_memory_, query_cache_runtime),
      pipeline_cache(*this, device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, guest_descriptor_queue,
                     render_pass_cache, buffer_cache, texture_cache, gpu.ShaderNotify()),
      accelerate_dma(buffer_cache, texture_cache, scheduler),
      fence_manager(*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache, device, scheduler),
      wfi_event(device.GetLogical().CreateEvent()) {
    scheduler.SetQueryCache(query_cache);
}

RasterizerVulkan::~RasterizerVulkan() = default;

template <typename Func>
void RasterizerVulkan::PrepareDraw(bool is_indexed, Func&& draw_func) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Drawing);

    SCOPE_EXIT({ gpu.TickWork(); });
    FlushWork();
    gpu_memory->FlushCaching();

    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);

    GraphicsPipeline* const pipeline{pipeline_cache.CurrentGraphicsPipeline()};
    if (!pipeline) {
        return;
    }
    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
    // update engine as channel may be different.
    pipeline->SetEngine(maxwell3d, gpu_memory);
    pipeline->Configure(is_indexed);

    UpdateDynamicStates();

    HandleTransformFeedback();
    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64,
                              maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
    draw_func();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::Draw(bool is_indexed, u32 instance_count) {
    PrepareDraw(is_indexed, [this, is_indexed, instance_count] {
        const auto& draw_state = maxwell3d->draw_manager->GetDrawState();
        const u32 num_instances{instance_count};
        const DrawParams draw_params{MakeDrawParams(draw_state, num_instances, is_indexed)};
        scheduler.Record([draw_params](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            if (draw_params.is_indexed) {
                cmdbuf.DrawIndexed(draw_params.num_vertices, draw_params.num_instances,
                                   draw_params.first_index, draw_params.base_vertex,
                                   draw_params.base_instance);
            } else {
                cmdbuf.Draw(draw_params.num_vertices, draw_params.num_instances,
                            draw_params.base_vertex, draw_params.base_instance);
            }
        });
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::DrawIndirect() {
    const auto& params = maxwell3d->draw_manager->GetIndirectParams();
    buffer_cache.SetDrawIndirect(&params);
    PrepareDraw(params.is_indexed, [this, &params] {
        const auto indirect_buffer = buffer_cache.GetDrawIndirectBuffer();
        const auto& buffer = indirect_buffer.first;
        const auto& offset = indirect_buffer.second;
        if (params.is_byte_count) {
            scheduler.Record([buffer_obj = buffer->Handle(), offset,
                              stride = params.stride](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                cmdbuf.DrawIndirectByteCountEXT(1, 0, buffer_obj, offset, 0,
                                                static_cast<u32>(stride));
            });
            return;
        }
        if (params.include_count) {
            const auto count = buffer_cache.GetDrawIndirectCount();
            const auto& draw_buffer = count.first;
            const auto& offset_base = count.second;
            scheduler.Record([draw_buffer_obj = draw_buffer->Handle(),
                              buffer_obj = buffer->Handle(), offset_base, offset,
                              params](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                if (params.is_indexed) {
                    cmdbuf.DrawIndexedIndirectCount(
                        buffer_obj, offset, draw_buffer_obj, offset_base,
                        static_cast<u32>(params.max_draw_counts), static_cast<u32>(params.stride));
                } else {
                    cmdbuf.DrawIndirectCount(buffer_obj, offset, draw_buffer_obj, offset_base,
                                             static_cast<u32>(params.max_draw_counts),
                                             static_cast<u32>(params.stride));
                }
            });
            return;
        }
        scheduler.Record([buffer_obj = buffer->Handle(), offset, params](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            if (params.is_indexed) {
                cmdbuf.DrawIndexedIndirect(buffer_obj, offset,
                                           static_cast<u32>(params.max_draw_counts),
                                           static_cast<u32>(params.stride));
            } else {
                cmdbuf.DrawIndirect(buffer_obj, offset, static_cast<u32>(params.max_draw_counts),
                                    static_cast<u32>(params.stride));
            }
        });
    });
    buffer_cache.SetDrawIndirect(nullptr);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::DrawTexture() {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Drawing);

    SCOPE_EXIT({ gpu.TickWork(); });
    FlushWork();

    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);

    std::scoped_lock l{texture_cache.mutex};
    texture_cache.SynchronizeGraphicsDescriptors();
    texture_cache.UpdateRenderTargets(false);

    UpdateDynamicStates();

    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64,
                              maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
    const auto& draw_texture_state = maxwell3d->draw_manager->GetDrawTextureState();
    const auto& sampler = texture_cache.GetGraphicsSampler(draw_texture_state.src_sampler);
    const auto& texture = texture_cache.GetImageView(draw_texture_state.src_texture);
    Region2D dst_region = {Offset2D{.x = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.dst_x0),
                                    .y = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.dst_y0)},
                           Offset2D{.x = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.dst_x1),
                                    .y = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.dst_y1)}};
    Region2D src_region = {Offset2D{.x = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.src_x0),
                                    .y = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.src_y0)},
                           Offset2D{.x = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.src_x1),
                                    .y = static_cast<s32>(draw_texture_state.src_y1)}};
    blit_image.BlitColor(texture_cache.GetFramebuffer(), texture.RenderTarget(),
                         texture.ImageHandle(), sampler->Handle(), dst_region, src_region,
                         texture.size);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::Clear(u32 layer_count) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Clearing);

    FlushWork();
    gpu_memory->FlushCaching();

    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);
    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64,
                              maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);

    auto& regs = maxwell3d->regs;
    const bool use_color = regs.clear_surface.R || regs.clear_surface.G || regs.clear_surface.B ||
                           regs.clear_surface.A;
    const bool use_depth = regs.clear_surface.Z;
    const bool use_stencil = regs.clear_surface.S;
    if (!use_color && !use_depth && !use_stencil) {
        return;
    }

    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
    texture_cache.UpdateRenderTargets(true);
    const Framebuffer* const framebuffer = texture_cache.GetFramebuffer();
    const VkExtent2D render_area = framebuffer->RenderArea();
    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(framebuffer);

    u32 up_scale = 1;
    u32 down_shift = 0;
    if (texture_cache.IsRescaling()) {
        up_scale = Settings::values.resolution_info.up_scale;
        down_shift = Settings::values.resolution_info.down_shift;
    }
    UpdateViewportsState(regs);

    VkRect2D default_scissor;
    default_scissor.offset.x = 0;
    default_scissor.offset.y = 0;
    default_scissor.extent.width = std::numeric_limits<s32>::max();
    default_scissor.extent.height = std::numeric_limits<s32>::max();

    VkClearRect clear_rect{
        .rect = regs.clear_control.use_scissor ? GetScissorState(regs, 0, up_scale, down_shift)
                                               : default_scissor,
        .baseArrayLayer = regs.clear_surface.layer,
        .layerCount = layer_count,
    };
    if (clear_rect.rect.extent.width == 0 || clear_rect.rect.extent.height == 0) {
        return;
    }
    clear_rect.rect.extent = VkExtent2D{
        .width = std::min(clear_rect.rect.extent.width, render_area.width),
        .height = std::min(clear_rect.rect.extent.height, render_area.height),
    };

    const u32 color_attachment = regs.clear_surface.RT;
    if (use_color && framebuffer->HasAspectColorBit(color_attachment)) {
        const auto format =
            VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(regs.rt[color_attachment].format);
        bool is_integer = IsPixelFormatInteger(format);
        bool is_signed = IsPixelFormatSignedInteger(format);
        size_t int_size = PixelComponentSizeBitsInteger(format);
        VkClearValue clear_value{};
        if (!is_integer) {
            std::memcpy(clear_value.color.float32, regs.clear_color.data(),
                        regs.clear_color.size() * sizeof(f32));
        } else if (!is_signed) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                clear_value.color.uint32[i] = static_cast<u32>(
                    static_cast<f32>(static_cast<u64>(int_size) << 1U) * regs.clear_color[i]);
            }
        } else {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                clear_value.color.int32[i] =
                    static_cast<s32>(static_cast<f32>(static_cast<s64>(int_size - 1) << 1) *
                                     (regs.clear_color[i] - 0.5f));
            }
        }

        if (regs.clear_surface.R && regs.clear_surface.G && regs.clear_surface.B &&
            regs.clear_surface.A) {
            scheduler.Record([color_attachment, clear_value, clear_rect](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                const VkClearAttachment attachment{
                    .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                    .colorAttachment = color_attachment,
                    .clearValue = clear_value,
                };
                cmdbuf.ClearAttachments(attachment, clear_rect);
            });
        } else {
            u8 color_mask = static_cast<u8>(regs.clear_surface.R | regs.clear_surface.G << 1 |
                                            regs.clear_surface.B << 2 | regs.clear_surface.A << 3);
            Region2D dst_region = {
                Offset2D{.x = clear_rect.rect.offset.x, .y = clear_rect.rect.offset.y},
                Offset2D{.x = clear_rect.rect.offset.x +
                              static_cast<s32>(clear_rect.rect.extent.width),
                         .y = clear_rect.rect.offset.y +
                              static_cast<s32>(clear_rect.rect.extent.height)}};
            blit_image.ClearColor(framebuffer, color_mask, regs.clear_color, dst_region);
        }
    }

    if (!use_depth && !use_stencil) {
        return;
    }
    VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags = 0;
    if (use_depth && framebuffer->HasAspectDepthBit()) {
        aspect_flags |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
    }
    if (use_stencil && framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit()) {
        aspect_flags |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
    }
    if (aspect_flags == 0) {
        return;
    }

    if (use_stencil && framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() && regs.stencil_front_mask != 0xFF &&
        regs.stencil_front_mask != 0) {
        Region2D dst_region = {
            Offset2D{.x = clear_rect.rect.offset.x, .y = clear_rect.rect.offset.y},
            Offset2D{.x = clear_rect.rect.offset.x + static_cast<s32>(clear_rect.rect.extent.width),
                     .y = clear_rect.rect.offset.y +
                          static_cast<s32>(clear_rect.rect.extent.height)}};
        blit_image.ClearDepthStencil(framebuffer, use_depth, regs.clear_depth,
                                     static_cast<u8>(regs.stencil_front_mask), regs.clear_stencil,
                                     regs.stencil_front_func_mask, dst_region);
    } else {
        scheduler.Record([clear_depth = regs.clear_depth, clear_stencil = regs.clear_stencil,
                          clear_rect, aspect_flags](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            VkClearAttachment attachment;
            attachment.aspectMask = aspect_flags;
            attachment.colorAttachment = 0;
            attachment.clearValue.depthStencil.depth = clear_depth;
            attachment.clearValue.depthStencil.stencil = clear_stencil;
            cmdbuf.ClearAttachments(attachment, clear_rect);
        });
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::DispatchCompute() {
    FlushWork();
    gpu_memory->FlushCaching();

    ComputePipeline* const pipeline{pipeline_cache.CurrentComputePipeline()};
    if (!pipeline) {
        return;
    }
    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex, buffer_cache.mutex};
    pipeline->Configure(*kepler_compute, *gpu_memory, scheduler, buffer_cache, texture_cache);

    const auto& qmd{kepler_compute->launch_description};
    auto indirect_address = kepler_compute->GetIndirectComputeAddress();
    if (indirect_address) {
        // DispatchIndirect
        static constexpr auto sync_info = VideoCommon::ObtainBufferSynchronize::FullSynchronize;
        const auto post_op = VideoCommon::ObtainBufferOperation::DiscardWrite;
        const auto [buffer, offset] =
            buffer_cache.ObtainBuffer(*indirect_address, 12, sync_info, post_op);
        scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
        scheduler.Record([indirect_buffer = buffer->Handle(),
                          indirect_offset = offset](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.DispatchIndirect(indirect_buffer, indirect_offset);
        });
        return;
    }
    const std::array<u32, 3> dim{qmd.grid_dim_x, qmd.grid_dim_y, qmd.grid_dim_z};
    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
    scheduler.Record([dim](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.Dispatch(dim[0], dim[1], dim[2]); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::ResetCounter(VideoCommon::QueryType type) {
    query_cache.CounterReset(type);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::Query(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VideoCommon::QueryType type,
                             VideoCommon::QueryPropertiesFlags flags, u32 payload, u32 subreport) {
    query_cache.CounterReport(gpu_addr, type, flags, payload, subreport);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 index, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
                                                 u32 size) {
    buffer_cache.BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(stage, index, gpu_addr, size);
}

void Vulkan::RasterizerVulkan::DisableGraphicsUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 index) {
    buffer_cache.DisableGraphicsUniformBuffer(stage, index);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::FlushAll() {}

void RasterizerVulkan::FlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::CacheType which) {
    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
        return;
    }
    if (True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::TextureCache)) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.DownloadMemory(addr, size);
    }
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::BufferCache))) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        buffer_cache.DownloadMemory(addr, size);
    }
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::QueryCache))) {
        query_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
    }
}

bool RasterizerVulkan::MustFlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::CacheType which) {
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::BufferCache))) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        if (buffer_cache.IsRegionGpuModified(addr, size)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    if (!Settings::IsGPULevelHigh()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::TextureCache)) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        return texture_cache.IsRegionGpuModified(addr, size);
    }
    return false;
}

VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea RasterizerVulkan::GetFlushArea(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        auto area = texture_cache.GetFlushArea(addr, size);
        if (area) {
            return *area;
        }
    }
    VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea new_area{
        .start_address = Common::AlignDown(addr, Core::Memory::YUZU_PAGESIZE),
        .end_address = Common::AlignUp(addr + size, Core::Memory::YUZU_PAGESIZE),
        .preemtive = true,
    };
    return new_area;
}

void RasterizerVulkan::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::CacheType which) {
    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
        return;
    }
    if (True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::TextureCache)) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
    }
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::BufferCache))) {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
    }
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::QueryCache))) {
        query_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
    }
    if ((True(which & VideoCommon::CacheType::ShaderCache))) {
        pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::InnerInvalidation(std::span<const std::pair<VAddr, std::size_t>> sequences) {
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        for (const auto& [addr, size] : sequences) {
            texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
        }
    }
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        for (const auto& [addr, size] : sequences) {
            buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
        }
    }
    {
        for (const auto& [addr, size] : sequences) {
            query_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
            pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
        }
    }
}

bool RasterizerVulkan::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        if (buffer_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size)) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
    }

    pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
    return false;
}

void RasterizerVulkan::OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
        return;
    }

    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
    }
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        buffer_cache.CachedWriteMemory(addr, size);
    }
    pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::InvalidateGPUCache() {
    gpu.InvalidateGPUCache();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.UnmapMemory(addr, size);
    }
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
    }
    pipeline_cache.OnCacheInvalidation(addr, size);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::ModifyGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.UnmapGPUMemory(as_id, addr, size);
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::SignalFence(std::function<void()>&& func) {
    fence_manager.SignalFence(std::move(func));
}

void RasterizerVulkan::SyncOperation(std::function<void()>&& func) {
    fence_manager.SyncOperation(std::move(func));
}

void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
    fence_manager.SignalSyncPoint(value);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::SignalReference() {
    fence_manager.SignalReference();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::ReleaseFences(bool force) {
    fence_manager.WaitPendingFences(force);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size,
                                                VideoCommon::CacheType which) {
    if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme()) {
        FlushRegion(addr, size, which);
    }
    InvalidateRegion(addr, size, which);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::WaitForIdle() {
    // Everything but wait pixel operations. This intentionally includes FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT because
    // fragment shaders can still write storage buffers.
    VkPipelineStageFlags flags =
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT |
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT |
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT |
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
    if (device.IsExtTransformFeedbackSupported()) {
        flags |= VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BIT_EXT;
    }

    query_cache.NotifyWFI();

    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
    scheduler.Record([event = *wfi_event, flags](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetEvent(event, flags);
        cmdbuf.WaitEvents(event, flags, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, {}, {}, {});
    });
    fence_manager.SignalOrdering();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::FragmentBarrier() {
    // We already put barriers when a render pass finishes
    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::TiledCacheBarrier() {
    // TODO: Implementing tiled barriers requires rewriting a good chunk of the Vulkan backend
}

void RasterizerVulkan::FlushCommands() {
    if (draw_counter == 0) {
        return;
    }
    draw_counter = 0;
    scheduler.Flush();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::TickFrame() {
    draw_counter = 0;
    guest_descriptor_queue.TickFrame();
    compute_pass_descriptor_queue.TickFrame();
    fence_manager.TickFrame();
    staging_pool.TickFrame();
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.TickFrame();
    }
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        buffer_cache.TickFrame();
    }
}

bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateConditionalRendering() {
    gpu_memory->FlushCaching();
    return query_cache.AccelerateHostConditionalRendering();
}

bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
                                             const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
                                             const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) {
    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
    return texture_cache.BlitImage(dst, src, copy_config);
}

Tegra::Engines::AccelerateDMAInterface& RasterizerVulkan::AccessAccelerateDMA() {
    return accelerate_dma;
}

void RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateInlineToMemory(GPUVAddr address, size_t copy_size,
                                                std::span<const u8> memory) {
    auto cpu_addr = gpu_memory->GpuToCpuAddress(address);
    if (!cpu_addr) [[unlikely]] {
        gpu_memory->WriteBlock(address, memory.data(), copy_size);
        return;
    }
    gpu_memory->WriteBlockUnsafe(address, memory.data(), copy_size);
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
        if (!buffer_cache.InlineMemory(*cpu_addr, copy_size, memory)) {
            buffer_cache.WriteMemory(*cpu_addr, copy_size);
        }
    }
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock_texture{texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.WriteMemory(*cpu_addr, copy_size);
    }
    pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(*cpu_addr, copy_size);
    query_cache.InvalidateRegion(*cpu_addr, copy_size);
}

bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                         VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride) {
    if (!framebuffer_addr) {
        return false;
    }
    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
    ImageView* const image_view = texture_cache.TryFindFramebufferImageView(framebuffer_addr);
    if (!image_view) {
        return false;
    }
    query_cache.NotifySegment(false);
    screen_info.image = image_view->ImageHandle();
    screen_info.image_view = image_view->Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D);
    screen_info.width = image_view->size.width;
    screen_info.height = image_view->size.height;
    screen_info.is_srgb = VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatSRGB(image_view->format);
    return true;
}

void RasterizerVulkan::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, std::stop_token stop_loading,
                                         const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {
    pipeline_cache.LoadDiskResources(title_id, stop_loading, callback);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
#ifdef ANDROID
    static constexpr u32 DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH = 1024;
#else
    static constexpr u32 DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH = 4096;
#endif // ANDROID

    // Only check multiples of 8 draws
    static_assert(DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH % 8 == 0);
    if ((++draw_counter & 7) != 7) {
        return;
    }
    if (draw_counter < DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH) {
        // Send recorded tasks to the worker thread
        scheduler.DispatchWork();
        return;
    }
    // Otherwise (every certain number of draws) flush execution.
    // This submits commands to the Vulkan driver.
    scheduler.Flush();
    draw_counter = 0;
}

AccelerateDMA::AccelerateDMA(BufferCache& buffer_cache_, TextureCache& texture_cache_,
                             Scheduler& scheduler_)
    : buffer_cache{buffer_cache_}, texture_cache{texture_cache_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {}

bool AccelerateDMA::BufferClear(GPUVAddr src_address, u64 amount, u32 value) {
    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
    return buffer_cache.DMAClear(src_address, amount, value);
}

bool AccelerateDMA::BufferCopy(GPUVAddr src_address, GPUVAddr dest_address, u64 amount) {
    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
    return buffer_cache.DMACopy(src_address, dest_address, amount);
}

template <bool IS_IMAGE_UPLOAD>
bool AccelerateDMA::DmaBufferImageCopy(const Tegra::DMA::ImageCopy& copy_info,
                                       const Tegra::DMA::BufferOperand& buffer_operand,
                                       const Tegra::DMA::ImageOperand& image_operand) {
    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
    const auto image_id = texture_cache.DmaImageId(image_operand, IS_IMAGE_UPLOAD);
    if (image_id == VideoCommon::NULL_IMAGE_ID) {
        return false;
    }
    const u32 buffer_size = static_cast<u32>(buffer_operand.pitch * buffer_operand.height);
    static constexpr auto sync_info = VideoCommon::ObtainBufferSynchronize::FullSynchronize;
    const auto post_op = IS_IMAGE_UPLOAD ? VideoCommon::ObtainBufferOperation::DoNothing
                                         : VideoCommon::ObtainBufferOperation::MarkAsWritten;
    const auto [buffer, offset] =
        buffer_cache.ObtainBuffer(buffer_operand.address, buffer_size, sync_info, post_op);

    const auto [image, copy] = texture_cache.DmaBufferImageCopy(
        copy_info, buffer_operand, image_operand, image_id, IS_IMAGE_UPLOAD);
    const std::span copy_span{&copy, 1};

    if constexpr (IS_IMAGE_UPLOAD) {
        texture_cache.PrepareImage(image_id, true, false);
        image->UploadMemory(buffer->Handle(), offset, copy_span);
    } else {
        if (offset % BytesPerBlock(image->info.format)) {
            return false;
        }
        texture_cache.DownloadImageIntoBuffer(image, buffer->Handle(), offset, copy_span,
                                              buffer_operand.address, buffer_size);
    }
    return true;
}

bool AccelerateDMA::ImageToBuffer(const Tegra::DMA::ImageCopy& copy_info,
                                  const Tegra::DMA::ImageOperand& image_operand,
                                  const Tegra::DMA::BufferOperand& buffer_operand) {
    return DmaBufferImageCopy<false>(copy_info, buffer_operand, image_operand);
}

bool AccelerateDMA::BufferToImage(const Tegra::DMA::ImageCopy& copy_info,
                                  const Tegra::DMA::BufferOperand& buffer_operand,
                                  const Tegra::DMA::ImageOperand& image_operand) {
    return DmaBufferImageCopy<true>(copy_info, buffer_operand, image_operand);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDynamicStates() {
    auto& regs = maxwell3d->regs;
    UpdateViewportsState(regs);
    UpdateScissorsState(regs);
    UpdateDepthBias(regs);
    UpdateBlendConstants(regs);
    UpdateDepthBounds(regs);
    UpdateStencilFaces(regs);
    UpdateLineWidth(regs);
    if (device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported()) {
        UpdateCullMode(regs);
        UpdateDepthCompareOp(regs);
        UpdateFrontFace(regs);
        UpdateStencilOp(regs);

        if (device.IsExtVertexInputDynamicStateSupported()) {
            UpdateVertexInput(regs);
        }

        if (state_tracker.TouchStateEnable()) {
            UpdateDepthBoundsTestEnable(regs);
            UpdateDepthTestEnable(regs);
            UpdateDepthWriteEnable(regs);
            UpdateStencilTestEnable(regs);
            if (device.IsExtExtendedDynamicState2Supported()) {
                UpdatePrimitiveRestartEnable(regs);
                UpdateRasterizerDiscardEnable(regs);
                UpdateDepthBiasEnable(regs);
            }
            if (device.IsExtExtendedDynamicState3EnablesSupported()) {
                UpdateLogicOpEnable(regs);
                UpdateDepthClampEnable(regs);
            }
        }
        if (device.IsExtExtendedDynamicState2ExtrasSupported()) {
            UpdateLogicOp(regs);
        }
        if (device.IsExtExtendedDynamicState3Supported()) {
            UpdateBlending(regs);
        }
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::HandleTransformFeedback() {
    static std::once_flag warn_unsupported;

    const auto& regs = maxwell3d->regs;
    if (!device.IsExtTransformFeedbackSupported()) {
        std::call_once(warn_unsupported, [&] {
            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Transform feedbacks used but not supported");
        });
        return;
    }
    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::StreamingByteCount,
                              regs.transform_feedback_enabled);
    if (regs.transform_feedback_enabled != 0) {
        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(Maxwell::ShaderType::TessellationInit) ||
                         regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(Maxwell::ShaderType::Tessellation));
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateViewportsState(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchViewports()) {
        return;
    }
    if (!regs.viewport_scale_offset_enabled) {
        const auto x = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.x);
        const auto y = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.y);
        const auto width = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.width);
        const auto height = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.height);
        VkViewport viewport{
            .x = x,
            .y = y,
            .width = width != 0.0f ? width : 1.0f,
            .height = height != 0.0f ? height : 1.0f,
            .minDepth = 0.0f,
            .maxDepth = 1.0f,
        };
        scheduler.Record([viewport](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewport); });
        return;
    }
    const bool is_rescaling{texture_cache.IsRescaling()};
    const float scale = is_rescaling ? Settings::values.resolution_info.up_factor : 1.0f;
    const std::array viewport_list{
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 0, scale),  GetViewportState(device, regs, 1, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 2, scale),  GetViewportState(device, regs, 3, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 4, scale),  GetViewportState(device, regs, 5, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 6, scale),  GetViewportState(device, regs, 7, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 8, scale),  GetViewportState(device, regs, 9, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 10, scale), GetViewportState(device, regs, 11, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 12, scale), GetViewportState(device, regs, 13, scale),
        GetViewportState(device, regs, 14, scale), GetViewportState(device, regs, 15, scale),
    };
    scheduler.Record([this, viewport_list](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        const u32 num_viewports = std::min<u32>(device.GetMaxViewports(), Maxwell::NumViewports);
        const vk::Span<VkViewport> viewports(viewport_list.data(), num_viewports);
        cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewports);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateScissorsState(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchScissors()) {
        return;
    }
    if (!regs.viewport_scale_offset_enabled) {
        const auto x = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.x);
        const auto y = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.y);
        const auto width = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.width);
        const auto height = static_cast<float>(regs.surface_clip.height);
        VkRect2D scissor;
        scissor.offset.x = static_cast<u32>(x);
        scissor.offset.y = static_cast<u32>(y);
        scissor.extent.width = static_cast<u32>(width != 0.0f ? width : 1.0f);
        scissor.extent.height = static_cast<u32>(height != 0.0f ? height : 1.0f);
        scheduler.Record([scissor](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, scissor); });
        return;
    }
    u32 up_scale = 1;
    u32 down_shift = 0;
    if (texture_cache.IsRescaling()) {
        up_scale = Settings::values.resolution_info.up_scale;
        down_shift = Settings::values.resolution_info.down_shift;
    }
    const std::array scissor_list{
        GetScissorState(regs, 0, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 1, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 2, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 3, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 4, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 5, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 6, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 7, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 8, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 9, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 10, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 11, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 12, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 13, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 14, up_scale, down_shift),
        GetScissorState(regs, 15, up_scale, down_shift),
    };
    scheduler.Record([this, scissor_list](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        const u32 num_scissors = std::min<u32>(device.GetMaxViewports(), Maxwell::NumViewports);
        const vk::Span<VkRect2D> scissors(scissor_list.data(), num_scissors);
        cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, scissors);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthBias(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthBias()) {
        return;
    }
    float units = regs.depth_bias / 2.0f;
    const bool is_d24 = regs.zeta.format == Tegra::DepthFormat::Z24_UNORM_S8_UINT ||
                        regs.zeta.format == Tegra::DepthFormat::X8Z24_UNORM ||
                        regs.zeta.format == Tegra::DepthFormat::S8Z24_UNORM ||
                        regs.zeta.format == Tegra::DepthFormat::V8Z24_UNORM;
    bool force_unorm = ([&] {
        if (!is_d24 || device.SupportsD24DepthBuffer()) {
            return false;
        }
        if (device.IsExtDepthBiasControlSupported()) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!Settings::values.renderer_amdvlk_depth_bias_workaround) {
            return false;
        }
        // the base formulas can be obtained from here:
        //   https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct3d11/d3d10-graphics-programming-guide-output-merger-stage-depth-bias
        const double rescale_factor =
            static_cast<double>(1ULL << (32 - 24)) / (static_cast<double>(0x1.ep+127));
        units = static_cast<float>(static_cast<double>(units) * rescale_factor);
        return false;
    })();
    scheduler.Record([constant = units, clamp = regs.depth_bias_clamp,
                      factor = regs.slope_scale_depth_bias, force_unorm,
                      precise = device.HasExactDepthBiasControl()](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        if (force_unorm) {
            VkDepthBiasRepresentationInfoEXT info{
                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPTH_BIAS_REPRESENTATION_INFO_EXT,
                .pNext = nullptr,
                .depthBiasRepresentation =
                    VK_DEPTH_BIAS_REPRESENTATION_LEAST_REPRESENTABLE_VALUE_FORCE_UNORM_EXT,
                .depthBiasExact = precise ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,
            };
            cmdbuf.SetDepthBias(constant, clamp, factor, &info);
            return;
        }
        cmdbuf.SetDepthBias(constant, clamp, factor);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateBlendConstants(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchBlendConstants()) {
        return;
    }
    const std::array blend_color = {regs.blend_color.r, regs.blend_color.g, regs.blend_color.b,
                                    regs.blend_color.a};
    scheduler.Record(
        [blend_color](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetBlendConstants(blend_color.data()); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthBounds(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthBounds()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([min = regs.depth_bounds[0], max = regs.depth_bounds[1]](
                         vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetDepthBounds(min, max); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateStencilFaces(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchStencilProperties()) {
        return;
    }
    bool update_references = state_tracker.TouchStencilReference();
    bool update_write_mask = state_tracker.TouchStencilWriteMask();
    bool update_compare_masks = state_tracker.TouchStencilCompare();
    if (state_tracker.TouchStencilSide(regs.stencil_two_side_enable != 0)) {
        update_references = true;
        update_write_mask = true;
        update_compare_masks = true;
    }
    if (update_references) {
        [&]() {
            if (regs.stencil_two_side_enable) {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilReferenceFront(regs.stencil_front_ref) &&
                    !state_tracker.CheckStencilReferenceBack(regs.stencil_back_ref)) {
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilReferenceFront(regs.stencil_front_ref)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            scheduler.Record([front_ref = regs.stencil_front_ref, back_ref = regs.stencil_back_ref,
                              two_sided = regs.stencil_two_side_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                const bool set_back = two_sided && front_ref != back_ref;
                // Front face
                cmdbuf.SetStencilReference(set_back ? VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT
                                                    : VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK,
                                           front_ref);
                if (set_back) {
                    cmdbuf.SetStencilReference(VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT, back_ref);
                }
            });
        }();
    }
    if (update_write_mask) {
        [&]() {
            if (regs.stencil_two_side_enable) {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilWriteMaskFront(regs.stencil_front_mask) &&
                    !state_tracker.CheckStencilWriteMaskBack(regs.stencil_back_mask)) {
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilWriteMaskFront(regs.stencil_front_mask)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            scheduler.Record([front_write_mask = regs.stencil_front_mask,
                              back_write_mask = regs.stencil_back_mask,
                              two_sided = regs.stencil_two_side_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                const bool set_back = two_sided && front_write_mask != back_write_mask;
                // Front face
                cmdbuf.SetStencilWriteMask(set_back ? VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT
                                                    : VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK,
                                           front_write_mask);
                if (set_back) {
                    cmdbuf.SetStencilWriteMask(VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT, back_write_mask);
                }
            });
        }();
    }
    if (update_compare_masks) {
        [&]() {
            if (regs.stencil_two_side_enable) {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilCompareMaskFront(regs.stencil_front_func_mask) &&
                    !state_tracker.CheckStencilCompareMaskBack(regs.stencil_back_func_mask)) {
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                if (!state_tracker.CheckStencilCompareMaskFront(regs.stencil_front_func_mask)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            scheduler.Record([front_test_mask = regs.stencil_front_func_mask,
                              back_test_mask = regs.stencil_back_func_mask,
                              two_sided = regs.stencil_two_side_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
                const bool set_back = two_sided && front_test_mask != back_test_mask;
                // Front face
                cmdbuf.SetStencilCompareMask(set_back ? VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT
                                                      : VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK,
                                             front_test_mask);
                if (set_back) {
                    cmdbuf.SetStencilCompareMask(VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT, back_test_mask);
                }
            });
        }();
    }
    state_tracker.ClearStencilReset();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateLineWidth(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchLineWidth()) {
        return;
    }
    const float width =
        regs.line_anti_alias_enable ? regs.line_width_smooth : regs.line_width_aliased;
    scheduler.Record([width](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetLineWidth(width); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateCullMode(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchCullMode()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enabled = regs.gl_cull_test_enabled,
                      cull_face = regs.gl_cull_face](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetCullModeEXT(enabled ? MaxwellToVK::CullFace(cull_face) : VK_CULL_MODE_NONE);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthBoundsTestEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthBoundsTestEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    bool enabled = regs.depth_bounds_enable;
    if (enabled && !device.IsDepthBoundsSupported()) {
        LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "Depth bounds is enabled but not supported");
        enabled = false;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = enabled](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT(enable);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthTestEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthTestEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = regs.depth_test_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetDepthTestEnableEXT(enable);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthWriteEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthWriteEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = regs.depth_write_enabled](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetDepthWriteEnableEXT(enable);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdatePrimitiveRestartEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchPrimitiveRestartEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = regs.primitive_restart.enabled](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT(enable);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateRasterizerDiscardEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchRasterizerDiscardEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([disable = regs.rasterize_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetRasterizerDiscardEnableEXT(disable == 0);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthBiasEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthBiasEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    constexpr size_t POINT = 0;
    constexpr size_t LINE = 1;
    constexpr size_t POLYGON = 2;
    static constexpr std::array POLYGON_OFFSET_ENABLE_LUT = {
        POINT,   // Points
        LINE,    // Lines
        LINE,    // LineLoop
        LINE,    // LineStrip
        POLYGON, // Triangles
        POLYGON, // TriangleStrip
        POLYGON, // TriangleFan
        POLYGON, // Quads
        POLYGON, // QuadStrip
        POLYGON, // Polygon
        LINE,    // LinesAdjacency
        LINE,    // LineStripAdjacency
        POLYGON, // TrianglesAdjacency
        POLYGON, // TriangleStripAdjacency
        POLYGON, // Patches
    };
    const std::array enabled_lut{
        regs.polygon_offset_point_enable,
        regs.polygon_offset_line_enable,
        regs.polygon_offset_fill_enable,
    };
    const u32 topology_index = static_cast<u32>(maxwell3d->draw_manager->GetDrawState().topology);
    const u32 enable = enabled_lut[POLYGON_OFFSET_ENABLE_LUT[topology_index]];
    scheduler.Record(
        [enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetDepthBiasEnableEXT(enable != 0); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateLogicOpEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchLogicOpEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = regs.logic_op.enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetLogicOpEnableEXT(enable != 0);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthClampEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthClampEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    bool is_enabled = !(regs.viewport_clip_control.geometry_clip ==
                            Maxwell::ViewportClipControl::GeometryClip::Passthrough ||
                        regs.viewport_clip_control.geometry_clip ==
                            Maxwell::ViewportClipControl::GeometryClip::FrustumXYZ ||
                        regs.viewport_clip_control.geometry_clip ==
                            Maxwell::ViewportClipControl::GeometryClip::FrustumZ);
    scheduler.Record(
        [is_enabled](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetDepthClampEnableEXT(is_enabled); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDepthCompareOp(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchDepthCompareOp()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([func = regs.depth_test_func](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetDepthCompareOpEXT(MaxwellToVK::ComparisonOp(func));
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateFrontFace(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchFrontFace()) {
        return;
    }

    VkFrontFace front_face = MaxwellToVK::FrontFace(regs.gl_front_face);
    if (regs.window_origin.flip_y != 0) {
        front_face = front_face == VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE ? VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE
                                                           : VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
    }
    scheduler.Record(
        [front_face](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetFrontFaceEXT(front_face); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateStencilOp(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchStencilOp()) {
        return;
    }
    const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op fail = regs.stencil_front_op.fail;
    const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op zfail = regs.stencil_front_op.zfail;
    const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op zpass = regs.stencil_front_op.zpass;
    const Maxwell::ComparisonOp compare = regs.stencil_front_op.func;
    if (regs.stencil_two_side_enable) {
        // Separate stencil op per face
        const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op back_fail = regs.stencil_back_op.fail;
        const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op back_zfail = regs.stencil_back_op.zfail;
        const Maxwell::StencilOp::Op back_zpass = regs.stencil_back_op.zpass;
        const Maxwell::ComparisonOp back_compare = regs.stencil_back_op.func;
        scheduler.Record([fail, zfail, zpass, compare, back_fail, back_zfail, back_zpass,
                          back_compare](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.SetStencilOpEXT(VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT, MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(fail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(zpass), MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(zfail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::ComparisonOp(compare));
            cmdbuf.SetStencilOpEXT(VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT, MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(back_fail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(back_zpass),
                                   MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(back_zfail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::ComparisonOp(back_compare));
        });
    } else {
        // Front face defines the stencil op of both faces
        scheduler.Record([fail, zfail, zpass, compare](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.SetStencilOpEXT(VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK, MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(fail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(zpass), MaxwellToVK::StencilOp(zfail),
                                   MaxwellToVK::ComparisonOp(compare));
        });
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateLogicOp(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchLogicOp()) {
        return;
    }
    const auto op_value = static_cast<u32>(regs.logic_op.op);
    auto op = op_value >= 0x1500 && op_value < 0x1510 ? static_cast<VkLogicOp>(op_value - 0x1500)
                                                      : VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP;
    scheduler.Record([op](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) { cmdbuf.SetLogicOpEXT(op); });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateBlending(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchBlending()) {
        return;
    }

    if (state_tracker.TouchColorMask()) {
        std::array<VkColorComponentFlags, Maxwell::NumRenderTargets> setup_masks{};
        for (size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumRenderTargets; index++) {
            const auto& mask = regs.color_mask[regs.color_mask_common ? 0 : index];
            auto& current = setup_masks[index];
            if (mask.R) {
                current |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT;
            }
            if (mask.G) {
                current |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT;
            }
            if (mask.B) {
                current |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT;
            }
            if (mask.A) {
                current |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
            }
        }
        scheduler.Record([setup_masks](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.SetColorWriteMaskEXT(0, setup_masks);
        });
    }

    if (state_tracker.TouchBlendEnable()) {
        std::array<VkBool32, Maxwell::NumRenderTargets> setup_enables{};
        std::ranges::transform(
            regs.blend.enable, setup_enables.begin(),
            [&](const auto& is_enabled) { return is_enabled != 0 ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE; });
        scheduler.Record([setup_enables](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.SetColorBlendEnableEXT(0, setup_enables);
        });
    }

    if (state_tracker.TouchBlendEquations()) {
        std::array<VkColorBlendEquationEXT, Maxwell::NumRenderTargets> setup_blends{};
        for (size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumRenderTargets; index++) {
            const auto blend_setup = [&]<typename T>(const T& guest_blend) {
                auto& host_blend = setup_blends[index];
                host_blend.srcColorBlendFactor = MaxwellToVK::BlendFactor(guest_blend.color_source);
                host_blend.dstColorBlendFactor = MaxwellToVK::BlendFactor(guest_blend.color_dest);
                host_blend.colorBlendOp = MaxwellToVK::BlendEquation(guest_blend.color_op);
                host_blend.srcAlphaBlendFactor = MaxwellToVK::BlendFactor(guest_blend.alpha_source);
                host_blend.dstAlphaBlendFactor = MaxwellToVK::BlendFactor(guest_blend.alpha_dest);
                host_blend.alphaBlendOp = MaxwellToVK::BlendEquation(guest_blend.alpha_op);
            };
            if (!regs.blend_per_target_enabled) {
                blend_setup(regs.blend);
                continue;
            }
            blend_setup(regs.blend_per_target[index]);
        }
        scheduler.Record([setup_blends](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
            cmdbuf.SetColorBlendEquationEXT(0, setup_blends);
        });
    }
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateStencilTestEnable(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    if (!state_tracker.TouchStencilTestEnable()) {
        return;
    }
    scheduler.Record([enable = regs.stencil_enable](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetStencilTestEnableEXT(enable);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateVertexInput(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) {
    auto& dirty{maxwell3d->dirty.flags};
    if (!dirty[Dirty::VertexInput]) {
        return;
    }
    dirty[Dirty::VertexInput] = false;

    boost::container::static_vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT, 32> bindings;
    boost::container::static_vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT, 32> attributes;

    // There seems to be a bug on Nvidia's driver where updating only higher attributes ends up
    // generating dirty state. Track the highest dirty attribute and update all attributes until
    // that one.
    size_t highest_dirty_attr{};
    for (size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexAttributes; ++index) {
        if (dirty[Dirty::VertexAttribute0 + index]) {
            highest_dirty_attr = index;
        }
    }
    for (size_t index = 0; index < highest_dirty_attr; ++index) {
        const Maxwell::VertexAttribute attribute{regs.vertex_attrib_format[index]};
        const u32 binding{attribute.buffer};
        dirty[Dirty::VertexAttribute0 + index] = false;
        dirty[Dirty::VertexBinding0 + static_cast<size_t>(binding)] = true;
        if (!attribute.constant) {
            attributes.push_back({
                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VERTEX_INPUT_ATTRIBUTE_DESCRIPTION_2_EXT,
                .pNext = nullptr,
                .location = static_cast<u32>(index),
                .binding = binding,
                .format = MaxwellToVK::VertexFormat(device, attribute.type, attribute.size),
                .offset = attribute.offset,
            });
        }
    }
    for (size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexAttributes; ++index) {
        if (!dirty[Dirty::VertexBinding0 + index]) {
            continue;
        }
        dirty[Dirty::VertexBinding0 + index] = false;

        const u32 binding{static_cast<u32>(index)};
        const auto& input_binding{regs.vertex_streams[binding]};
        const bool is_instanced{regs.vertex_stream_instances.IsInstancingEnabled(binding)};
        bindings.push_back({
            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_DESCRIPTION_2_EXT,
            .pNext = nullptr,
            .binding = binding,
            .stride = input_binding.stride,
            .inputRate = is_instanced ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
            .divisor = is_instanced ? input_binding.frequency : 1,
        });
    }
    scheduler.Record([bindings, attributes](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
        cmdbuf.SetVertexInputEXT(bindings, attributes);
    });
}

void RasterizerVulkan::InitializeChannel(Tegra::Control::ChannelState& channel) {
    CreateChannel(channel);
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.CreateChannel(channel);
        buffer_cache.CreateChannel(channel);
    }
    pipeline_cache.CreateChannel(channel);
    query_cache.CreateChannel(channel);
    state_tracker.SetupTables(channel);
}

void RasterizerVulkan::BindChannel(Tegra::Control::ChannelState& channel) {
    const s32 channel_id = channel.bind_id;
    BindToChannel(channel_id);
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.BindToChannel(channel_id);
        buffer_cache.BindToChannel(channel_id);
    }
    pipeline_cache.BindToChannel(channel_id);
    query_cache.BindToChannel(channel_id);
    state_tracker.ChangeChannel(channel);
    state_tracker.InvalidateState();
}

void RasterizerVulkan::ReleaseChannel(s32 channel_id) {
    EraseChannel(channel_id);
    {
        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
        texture_cache.EraseChannel(channel_id);
        buffer_cache.EraseChannel(channel_id);
    }
    pipeline_cache.EraseChannel(channel_id);
    query_cache.EraseChannel(channel_id);
}

} // namespace Vulkan