Merge pull request #4105 from ReinUsesLisp/resident-buffers

gl_rasterizer: Use NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory for vertex buffer robustness

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ class BufferCache {
     static constexpr u64 BLOCK_PAGE_SIZE = 1ULL << BLOCK_PAGE_BITS;
 
 public:
-    using BufferInfo = std::pair<BufferType, u64>;
+    struct BufferInfo {
+        BufferType handle;
+        u64 offset;
+        u64 address;
+    };
 
     BufferInfo UploadMemory(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size, std::size_t alignment = 4,
                             bool is_written = false, bool use_fast_cbuf = false) {
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ public:
         auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
         const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr_opt = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr_opt) {
-            return {GetEmptyBuffer(size), 0};
+            return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
         const VAddr cpu_addr = *cpu_addr_opt;
 
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@ public:
         Buffer* const block = GetBlock(cpu_addr, size);
         MapInterval* const map = MapAddress(block, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, size);
         if (!map) {
-            return {GetEmptyBuffer(size), 0};
+            return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
         if (is_written) {
             map->MarkAsModified(true, GetModifiedTicks());
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        return {block->Handle(), static_cast<u64>(block->Offset(cpu_addr))};
+        return BufferInfo{block->Handle(), block->Offset(cpu_addr), block->Address()};
     }
 
     /// Uploads from a host memory. Returns the OpenGL buffer where it's located and its offset.
@@ -254,27 +258,17 @@ public:
         committed_flushes.pop_front();
     }
 
-    virtual BufferType GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
 
 protected:
     explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer_)
-        : rasterizer{rasterizer}, system{system}, stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer_)},
-          stream_buffer_handle{stream_buffer->Handle()} {}
+                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer)
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer}, system{system}, stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer)} {}
 
     ~BufferCache() = default;
 
     virtual std::shared_ptr<Buffer> CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) = 0;
 
-    virtual void UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                 const u8* data) = 0;
-
-    virtual void DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                   u8* data) = 0;
-
-    virtual void CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
-                           std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) = 0;
-
     virtual BufferInfo ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer, std::size_t size) {
         return {};
     }
@@ -336,11 +330,11 @@ private:
             const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + size;
             if (memory_manager.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size)) {
                 u8* host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
-                UploadBlockData(*block, block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, host_ptr);
+                block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, host_ptr);
             } else {
                 staging_buffer.resize(size);
                 memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, staging_buffer.data(), size);
-                UploadBlockData(*block, block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, staging_buffer.data());
+                block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, staging_buffer.data());
             }
             return Register(MapInterval(cpu_addr, cpu_addr_end, gpu_addr));
         }
@@ -399,7 +393,7 @@ private:
             }
             staging_buffer.resize(size);
             system.Memory().ReadBlockUnsafe(interval.lower(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
-            UploadBlockData(*block, block->Offset(interval.lower()), size, staging_buffer.data());
+            block->Upload(block->Offset(interval.lower()), size, staging_buffer.data());
         }
     }
 
@@ -436,7 +430,7 @@ private:
 
         const std::size_t size = map->end - map->start;
         staging_buffer.resize(size);
-        DownloadBlockData(*block, block->Offset(map->start), size, staging_buffer.data());
+        block->Download(block->Offset(map->start), size, staging_buffer.data());
         system.Memory().WriteBlockUnsafe(map->start, staging_buffer.data(), size);
         map->MarkAsModified(false, 0);
     }
@@ -449,7 +443,7 @@ private:
 
         buffer_ptr += size;
         buffer_offset += size;
-        return {stream_buffer_handle, uploaded_offset};
+        return BufferInfo{stream_buffer->Handle(), uploaded_offset, stream_buffer->Address()};
     }
 
     void AlignBuffer(std::size_t alignment) {
@@ -464,7 +458,7 @@ private:
         const std::size_t new_size = old_size + BLOCK_PAGE_SIZE;
         const VAddr cpu_addr = buffer->CpuAddr();
         std::shared_ptr<Buffer> new_buffer = CreateBlock(cpu_addr, new_size);
-        CopyBlock(*buffer, *new_buffer, 0, 0, old_size);
+        new_buffer->CopyFrom(*buffer, 0, 0, old_size);
         QueueDestruction(std::move(buffer));
 
         const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + new_size - 1;
@@ -486,8 +480,8 @@ private:
         const std::size_t new_size = size_1 + size_2;
 
         std::shared_ptr<Buffer> new_buffer = CreateBlock(new_addr, new_size);
-        CopyBlock(*first, *new_buffer, 0, new_buffer->Offset(first_addr), size_1);
-        CopyBlock(*second, *new_buffer, 0, new_buffer->Offset(second_addr), size_2);
+        new_buffer->CopyFrom(*first, 0, new_buffer->Offset(first_addr), size_1);
+        new_buffer->CopyFrom(*second, 0, new_buffer->Offset(second_addr), size_2);
         QueueDestruction(std::move(first));
         QueueDestruction(std::move(second));
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -22,21 +22,46 @@ using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download, "OpenGL", "Buffer Download", MP_RGB(192, 192, 128));
 
-Buffer::Buffer(VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size) : VideoCommon::BufferBlock{cpu_addr, size} {
+Buffer::Buffer(const Device& device, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferBlock{cpu_addr, size} {
     gl_buffer.Create();
     glNamedBufferData(gl_buffer.handle, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+    if (device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
+        glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_READ_WRITE);
+        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV, &gpu_address);
+    }
 }
 
 Buffer::~Buffer() = default;
 
+void Buffer::Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, const u8* data) const {
+    glNamedBufferSubData(Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size),
+                         data);
+}
+
+void Buffer::Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, u8* data) const {
+    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download);
+    glMemoryBarrier(GL_BUFFER_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT);
+    glGetNamedBufferSubData(Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size),
+                            data);
+}
+
+void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
+                      std::size_t size) const {
+    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(src.Handle(), Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(src_offset),
+                             static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+}
+
 OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                               const Device& device, std::size_t stream_size)
-    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, system, std::make_unique<OGLStreamBuffer>(stream_size, true)} {
+                               const Device& device_, std::size_t stream_size)
+    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, system,
+                         std::make_unique<OGLStreamBuffer>(device_, stream_size, true)},
+      device{device_} {
     if (!device.HasFastBufferSubData()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    static constexpr auto size = static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
+    static constexpr GLsizeiptr size = static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
     glCreateBuffers(static_cast<GLsizei>(std::size(cbufs)), std::data(cbufs));
     for (const GLuint cbuf : cbufs) {
         glNamedBufferData(cbuf, size, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
@@ -48,39 +73,20 @@ OGLBufferCache::~OGLBufferCache() {
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Buffer> OGLBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
-    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(cpu_addr, size);
+    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, cpu_addr, size);
 }
 
-GLuint OGLBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void OGLBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                     const u8* data) {
-    glNamedBufferSubData(buffer.Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
-                         static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), data);
-}
-
-void OGLBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                       u8* data) {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download);
-    glMemoryBarrier(GL_BUFFER_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT);
-    glGetNamedBufferSubData(buffer.Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
-                            static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), data);
-}
-
-void OGLBufferCache::CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
-                               std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) {
-    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(src.Handle(), dst.Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(src_offset),
-                             static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) {
+    return {0, 0, 0};
 }
 
 OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer,
                                                              std::size_t size) {
     DEBUG_ASSERT(cbuf_cursor < std::size(cbufs));
     const GLuint cbuf = cbufs[cbuf_cursor++];
+
     glNamedBufferSubData(cbuf, 0, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), raw_pointer);
-    return {cbuf, 0};
+    return {cbuf, 0, 0};
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h

@@ -25,15 +25,27 @@ class RasterizerOpenGL;
 
 class Buffer : public VideoCommon::BufferBlock {
 public:
-    explicit Buffer(VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size);
+    explicit Buffer(const Device& device, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size);
     ~Buffer();
 
-    GLuint Handle() const {
+    void Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, const u8* data) const;
+
+    void Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, u8* data) const;
+
+    void CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
+                  std::size_t size) const;
+
+    GLuint Handle() const noexcept {
         return gl_buffer.handle;
     }
 
+    u64 Address() const noexcept {
+        return gpu_address;
+    }
+
 private:
     OGLBuffer gl_buffer;
+    u64 gpu_address = 0;
 };
 
 using GenericBufferCache = VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, GLuint, OGLStreamBuffer>;
@@ -43,7 +55,7 @@ public:
                             const Device& device, std::size_t stream_size);
     ~OGLBufferCache();
 
-    GLuint GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) override;
+    BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) override;
 
     void Acquire() noexcept {
         cbuf_cursor = 0;
@@ -52,22 +64,16 @@ public:
 protected:
     std::shared_ptr<Buffer> CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) override;
 
-    void UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                         const u8* data) override;
-
-    void DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                           u8* data) override;
-
-    void CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
-                   std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) override;
-
     BufferInfo ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer, std::size_t size) override;
 
 private:
+    static constexpr std::size_t NUM_CBUFS = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxConstBuffers *
+                                             Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxShaderProgram;
+
+    const Device& device;
+
     std::size_t cbuf_cursor = 0;
-    std::array<GLuint, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxConstBuffers *
-                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxShaderProgram>
-        cbufs;
+    std::array<GLuint, NUM_CBUFS> cbufs{};
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp

@@ -188,16 +188,32 @@ bool IsASTCSupported() {
     return true;
 }
 
+/// @brief Returns true when a GL_RENDERER is a Turing GPU
+/// @param renderer GL_RENDERER string
+bool IsTuring(std::string_view renderer) {
+    static constexpr std::array<std::string_view, 12> TURING_GPUS = {
+        "GTX 1650",        "GTX 1660",        "RTX 2060",        "RTX 2070",
+        "RTX 2080",        "TITAN RTX",       "Quadro RTX 3000", "Quadro RTX 4000",
+        "Quadro RTX 5000", "Quadro RTX 6000", "Quadro RTX 8000", "Tesla T4",
+    };
+    return std::any_of(TURING_GPUS.begin(), TURING_GPUS.end(),
+                       [renderer](std::string_view candidate) {
+                           return renderer.find(candidate) != std::string_view::npos;
+                       });
+}
+
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 Device::Device()
     : max_uniform_buffers{BuildMaxUniformBuffers()}, base_bindings{BuildBaseBindings()} {
     const std::string_view vendor = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
+    const std::string_view renderer = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
     const std::string_view version = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VERSION));
     const std::vector extensions = GetExtensions();
 
     const bool is_nvidia = vendor == "NVIDIA Corporation";
     const bool is_amd = vendor == "ATI Technologies Inc.";
+    const bool is_turing = is_nvidia && IsTuring(renderer);
 
     bool disable_fast_buffer_sub_data = false;
     if (is_nvidia && version == "4.6.0 NVIDIA 443.24") {
@@ -221,8 +237,16 @@ Device::Device()
     has_variable_aoffi = TestVariableAoffi();
     has_component_indexing_bug = is_amd;
     has_precise_bug = TestPreciseBug();
-    has_fast_buffer_sub_data = is_nvidia && !disable_fast_buffer_sub_data;
     has_nv_viewport_array2 = GLAD_GL_NV_viewport_array2;
+
+    // At the moment of writing this, only Nvidia's driver optimizes BufferSubData on exclusive
+    // uniform buffers as "push constants"
+    has_fast_buffer_sub_data = is_nvidia && !disable_fast_buffer_sub_data;
+
+    // Nvidia's driver on Turing GPUs randomly crashes when the buffer is made resident, or on
+    // DeleteBuffers. Disable unified memory on these devices.
+    has_vertex_buffer_unified_memory = GLAD_GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory && !is_turing;
+
     use_assembly_shaders = Settings::values.use_assembly_shaders && GLAD_GL_NV_gpu_program5 &&
                            GLAD_GL_NV_compute_program5 && GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback &&
                            GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback2;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h

@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ public:
         return has_texture_shadow_lod;
     }
 
+    bool HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory() const {
+        return has_vertex_buffer_unified_memory;
+    }
+
     bool HasASTC() const {
         return has_astc;
     }
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ private:
     bool has_vertex_viewport_layer{};
     bool has_image_load_formatted{};
     bool has_texture_shadow_lod{};
+    bool has_vertex_buffer_unified_memory{};
     bool has_astc{};
     bool has_variable_aoffi{};
     bool has_component_indexing_bug{};

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ constexpr std::size_t NUM_CONST_BUFFERS_BYTES_PER_STAGE =
 constexpr std::size_t TOTAL_CONST_BUFFER_BYTES =
     NUM_CONST_BUFFERS_BYTES_PER_STAGE * Maxwell::MaxShaderStage;
 
-constexpr std::size_t NumSupportedVertexAttributes = 16;
+constexpr std::size_t NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTES = 16;
+constexpr std::size_t NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_BINDINGS = 16;
 
 template <typename Engine, typename Entry>
 Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo GetTextureInfo(const Engine& engine, const Entry& entry,
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
     // avoid OpenGL errors.
     // TODO(Subv): Analyze the shader to identify which attributes are actually used and don't
     // assume every shader uses them all.
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NumSupportedVertexAttributes; ++index) {
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTES; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexFormat0 + index]) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -231,9 +232,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_VB);
 
+    const bool use_unified_memory = device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory();
+
     // Upload all guest vertex arrays sequentially to our buffer
     const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_BINDINGS; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffer0 + index]) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -246,16 +249,25 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
 
         const GPUVAddr start = vertex_array.StartAddress();
         const GPUVAddr end = regs.vertex_array_limit[index].LimitAddress();
-
         ASSERT(end >= start);
+
+        const GLuint gl_index = static_cast<GLuint>(index);
         const u64 size = end - start;
         if (size == 0) {
-            glBindVertexBuffer(static_cast<GLuint>(index), 0, 0, vertex_array.stride);
+            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, 0, 0, vertex_array.stride);
+            if (use_unified_memory) {
+                glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, gl_index, 0, 0);
+            }
             continue;
         }
-        const auto [vertex_buffer, vertex_buffer_offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
-        glBindVertexBuffer(static_cast<GLuint>(index), vertex_buffer, vertex_buffer_offset,
-                           vertex_array.stride);
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
+        if (use_unified_memory) {
+            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, 0, 0, vertex_array.stride);
+            glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, gl_index,
+                                   info.address + info.offset, size);
+        } else {
+            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, info.handle, info.offset, vertex_array.stride);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -268,7 +280,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
     flags[Dirty::VertexInstances] = false;
 
     const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NumSupportedVertexAttributes; ++index) {
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTES; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstance0 + index]) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -285,9 +297,9 @@ GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Index);
     const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
     const std::size_t size = CalculateIndexBufferSize();
-    const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
-    return offset;
+    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
+    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, info.handle);
+    return info.offset;
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
@@ -643,9 +655,9 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     if (!device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
         MaxwellUniformData ubo;
         ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
-        const auto [buffer, offset] =
+        const auto info =
             buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, buffer, offset,
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, info.handle, info.offset,
                           static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
     }
 
@@ -956,8 +968,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(GLenum stage, u32 binding,
         if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
             glBindBufferRangeNV(stage, entry.GetIndex(), 0, 0, 0);
         } else {
-            glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding,
-                              buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(sizeof(float)), 0, sizeof(float));
+            glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, 0, 0, sizeof(float));
         }
         return;
     }
@@ -970,24 +981,25 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(GLenum stage, u32 binding,
 
     const std::size_t alignment = use_unified ? 4 : device.GetUniformBufferAlignment();
     const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = buffer.address;
-    auto [cbuf, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, false, fast_upload);
+    auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, false, fast_upload);
 
     if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(use_unified);
-        if (offset != 0) {
+        if (info.offset != 0) {
             const GLuint staging_cbuf = staging_cbufs[current_cbuf++];
-            glCopyNamedBufferSubData(cbuf, staging_cbuf, offset, 0, size);
-            cbuf = staging_cbuf;
-            offset = 0;
+            glCopyNamedBufferSubData(info.handle, staging_cbuf, info.offset, 0, size);
+            info.handle = staging_cbuf;
+            info.offset = 0;
         }
-        glBindBufferRangeNV(stage, binding, cbuf, offset, size);
+        glBindBufferRangeNV(stage, binding, info.handle, info.offset, size);
         return;
     }
 
     if (use_unified) {
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(cbuf, unified_uniform_buffer.handle, offset, unified_offset, size);
+        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(info.handle, unified_uniform_buffer.handle, info.offset,
+                                 unified_offset, size);
     } else {
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, cbuf, offset, size);
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, info.handle, info.offset, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1023,9 +1035,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel) {
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& entry,
                                          GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
     const auto alignment{device.GetShaderStorageBufferAlignment()};
-    const auto [ssbo, buffer_offset] =
-        buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, entry.is_written);
-    glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding, ssbo, buffer_offset,
+    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, entry.is_written);
+    glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding, info.handle, info.offset,
                       static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
@@ -1712,8 +1723,9 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
         const GLuint handle = transform_feedback_buffers[index].handle;
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = binding.Address();
         const std::size_t size = binding.buffer_size;
-        const auto [dest_buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(handle, dest_buffer, 0, offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
+        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(handle, info.handle, 0, info.offset,
+                                 static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
     }
 }
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.cpp

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <deque>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h"
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer, "OpenGL", "Stream Buffer Orphaning",
@@ -14,8 +16,7 @@ MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer, "OpenGL", "Stream Buffer Orphaning",
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-OGLStreamBuffer::OGLStreamBuffer(GLsizeiptr size, bool vertex_data_usage, bool prefer_coherent,
-                                 bool use_persistent)
+OGLStreamBuffer::OGLStreamBuffer(const Device& device, GLsizeiptr size, bool vertex_data_usage)
     : buffer_size(size) {
     gl_buffer.Create();
 
@@ -29,23 +30,19 @@ OGLStreamBuffer::OGLStreamBuffer(GLsizeiptr size, bool vertex_data_usage, bool p
         allocate_size *= 2;
     }
 
-    if (use_persistent) {
-        persistent = true;
-        coherent = prefer_coherent;
-        const GLbitfield flags =
-            GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT | (coherent ? GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT : 0);
-        glNamedBufferStorage(gl_buffer.handle, allocate_size, nullptr, flags);
-        mapped_ptr = static_cast<u8*>(glMapNamedBufferRange(
-            gl_buffer.handle, 0, buffer_size, flags | (coherent ? 0 : GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT)));
-    } else {
-        glNamedBufferData(gl_buffer.handle, allocate_size, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+    static constexpr GLbitfield flags = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT;
+    glNamedBufferStorage(gl_buffer.handle, allocate_size, nullptr, flags);
+    mapped_ptr = static_cast<u8*>(
+        glMapNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, 0, buffer_size, flags | GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT));
+
+    if (device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
+        glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV, &gpu_address);
     }
 }
 
 OGLStreamBuffer::~OGLStreamBuffer() {
-    if (persistent) {
-        glUnmapNamedBuffer(gl_buffer.handle);
-    }
+    glUnmapNamedBuffer(gl_buffer.handle);
     gl_buffer.Release();
 }
 
@@ -60,36 +57,21 @@ std::tuple<u8*, GLintptr, bool> OGLStreamBuffer::Map(GLsizeiptr size, GLintptr a
 
     bool invalidate = false;
     if (buffer_pos + size > buffer_size) {
+        MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer);
+        glInvalidateBufferData(gl_buffer.handle);
+
         buffer_pos = 0;
         invalidate = true;
-
-        if (persistent) {
-            glUnmapNamedBuffer(gl_buffer.handle);
-        }
     }
 
-    if (invalidate || !persistent) {
-        MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer);
-        GLbitfield flags = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | (persistent ? GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT : 0) |
-                           (coherent ? GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT : GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT) |
-                           (invalidate ? GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_BUFFER_BIT : GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT);
-        mapped_ptr = static_cast<u8*>(
-            glMapNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, buffer_pos, buffer_size - buffer_pos, flags));
-        mapped_offset = buffer_pos;
-    }
-
-    return std::make_tuple(mapped_ptr + buffer_pos - mapped_offset, buffer_pos, invalidate);
+    return std::make_tuple(mapped_ptr + buffer_pos, buffer_pos, invalidate);
 }
 
 void OGLStreamBuffer::Unmap(GLsizeiptr size) {
     ASSERT(size <= mapped_size);
 
-    if (!coherent && size > 0) {
-        glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, buffer_pos - mapped_offset, size);
-    }
-
-    if (!persistent) {
-        glUnmapNamedBuffer(gl_buffer.handle);
+    if (size > 0) {
+        glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, buffer_pos, size);
     }
 
     buffer_pos += size;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h

@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
+class Device;
+
 class OGLStreamBuffer : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    explicit OGLStreamBuffer(GLsizeiptr size, bool vertex_data_usage, bool prefer_coherent = false,
-                             bool use_persistent = true);
+    explicit OGLStreamBuffer(const Device& device, GLsizeiptr size, bool vertex_data_usage);
     ~OGLStreamBuffer();
 
     /*
@@ -33,19 +34,20 @@ public:
         return gl_buffer.handle;
     }
 
-    GLsizeiptr Size() const {
+    u64 Address() const {
+        return gpu_address;
+    }
+
+    GLsizeiptr Size() const noexcept {
         return buffer_size;
     }
 
 private:
     OGLBuffer gl_buffer;
 
-    bool coherent = false;
-    bool persistent = false;
-
+    GLuint64EXT gpu_address = 0;
     GLintptr buffer_pos = 0;
     GLsizeiptr buffer_size = 0;
-    GLintptr mapped_offset = 0;
     GLsizeiptr mapped_size = 0;
     u8* mapped_ptr = nullptr;
 };

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp

@@ -488,6 +488,15 @@ void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
 
     // Clear screen to black
     LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(0, 0, 0, 0, screen_info.texture);
+
+    // Enable unified vertex attributes and query vertex buffer address when the driver supports it
+    if (device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
+        glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_UNIFIED_NV);
+
+        glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(vertex_buffer.handle, GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(vertex_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV,
+                                         &vertex_buffer_address);
+    }
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::AddTelemetryFields() {
@@ -656,7 +665,13 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawScreen(const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout) {
                          offsetof(ScreenRectVertex, tex_coord));
     glVertexAttribBinding(PositionLocation, 0);
     glVertexAttribBinding(TexCoordLocation, 0);
-    glBindVertexBuffer(0, vertex_buffer.handle, 0, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex));
+    if (device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
+        glBindVertexBuffer(0, 0, 0, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex));
+        glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, 0, vertex_buffer_address,
+                               sizeof(vertices));
+    } else {
+        glBindVertexBuffer(0, vertex_buffer.handle, 0, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex));
+    }
 
     glBindTextureUnit(0, screen_info.display_texture);
     glBindSampler(0, 0);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h

@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ private:
     OGLPipeline pipeline;
     OGLFramebuffer screenshot_framebuffer;
 
+    // GPU address of the vertex buffer
+    GLuint64EXT vertex_buffer_address = 0;
+
     /// Display information for Switch screen
     ScreenInfo screen_info;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<VKStreamBuffer> CreateStreamBuffer(const VKDevice& device, VKSch
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-Buffer::Buffer(const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VAddr cpu_addr,
-               std::size_t size)
-    : VideoCommon::BufferBlock{cpu_addr, size} {
+Buffer::Buffer(const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
+               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferBlock{cpu_addr, size}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{staging_pool_} {
     VkBufferCreateInfo ci;
     ci.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
     ci.pNext = nullptr;
@@ -56,40 +56,15 @@ Buffer::Buffer(const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VAddr cp
 
 Buffer::~Buffer() = default;
 
-VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                             const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
-    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, system,
-                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device,
-                                                                                    scheduler)},
-      device{device}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{
-                                                                                staging_pool} {}
-
-VKBufferCache::~VKBufferCache() = default;
-
-std::shared_ptr<Buffer> VKBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
-    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, memory_manager, cpu_addr, size);
-}
-
-VkBuffer VKBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) {
-    size = std::max(size, std::size_t(4));
-    const auto& empty = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, false);
-    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([size, buffer = *empty.handle](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        cmdbuf.FillBuffer(buffer, 0, size, 0);
-    });
-    return *empty.handle;
-}
-
-void VKBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                    const u8* data) {
+void Buffer::Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, const u8* data) const {
     const auto& staging = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, true);
     std::memcpy(staging.commit->Map(size), data, size);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = buffer.Handle(), offset,
-                      size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(staging, buffer, VkBufferCopy{0, offset, size});
+
+    const VkBuffer handle = Handle();
+    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, handle, offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(staging, handle, VkBufferCopy{0, offset, size});
 
         VkBufferMemoryBarrier barrier;
         barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
@@ -98,7 +73,7 @@ void VKBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, st
         barrier.dstAccessMask = UPLOAD_ACCESS_BARRIERS;
         barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
         barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-        barrier.buffer = buffer;
+        barrier.buffer = handle;
         barrier.offset = offset;
         barrier.size = size;
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, UPLOAD_PIPELINE_STAGE, 0, {},
@@ -106,12 +81,12 @@ void VKBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, st
     });
 }
 
-void VKBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                                      u8* data) {
+void Buffer::Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, u8* data) const {
     const auto& staging = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, true);
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = buffer.Handle(), offset,
-                      size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+
+    const VkBuffer handle = Handle();
+    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, handle, offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         VkBufferMemoryBarrier barrier;
         barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
         barrier.pNext = nullptr;
@@ -119,7 +94,7 @@ void VKBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset,
         barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
         barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
         barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-        barrier.buffer = buffer;
+        barrier.buffer = handle;
         barrier.offset = offset;
         barrier.size = size;
 
@@ -127,17 +102,19 @@ void VKBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset,
                                    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
                                    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0, {}, barrier, {});
-        cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(buffer, staging, VkBufferCopy{offset, 0, size});
+        cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(handle, staging, VkBufferCopy{offset, 0, size});
     });
     scheduler.Finish();
 
     std::memcpy(data, staging.commit->Map(size), size);
 }
 
-void VKBufferCache::CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
-                              std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) {
+void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
+                      std::size_t size) const {
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([src_buffer = src.Handle(), dst_buffer = dst.Handle(), src_offset, dst_offset,
+
+    const VkBuffer dst_buffer = Handle();
+    scheduler.Record([src_buffer = src.Handle(), dst_buffer, src_offset, dst_offset,
                       size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(src_buffer, dst_buffer, VkBufferCopy{src_offset, dst_offset, size});
 
@@ -165,4 +142,30 @@ void VKBufferCache::CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t
     });
 }
 
+VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+                             const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, system,
+                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device,
+                                                                                    scheduler)},
+      device{device}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{
+                                                                                staging_pool} {}
+
+VKBufferCache::~VKBufferCache() = default;
+
+std::shared_ptr<Buffer> VKBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
+    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool, cpu_addr,
+                                    size);
+}
+
+VKBufferCache::BufferInfo VKBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) {
+    size = std::max(size, std::size_t(4));
+    const auto& empty = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, false);
+    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
+    scheduler.Record([size, buffer = *empty.handle](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        cmdbuf.FillBuffer(buffer, 0, size, 0);
+    });
+    return {*empty.handle, 0, 0};
+}
+
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -25,15 +25,29 @@ class VKScheduler;
 
 class Buffer final : public VideoCommon::BufferBlock {
 public:
-    explicit Buffer(const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VAddr cpu_addr,
-                    std::size_t size);
+    explicit Buffer(const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size);
     ~Buffer();
 
+    void Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, const u8* data) const;
+
+    void Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t size, u8* data) const;
+
+    void CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
+                  std::size_t size) const;
+
     VkBuffer Handle() const {
         return *buffer.handle;
     }
 
+    u64 Address() const {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
 private:
+    VKScheduler& scheduler;
+    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool;
+
     VKBuffer buffer;
 };
 
@@ -44,20 +58,11 @@ public:
                            VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
     ~VKBufferCache();
 
-    VkBuffer GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) override;
+    BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) override;
 
 protected:
     std::shared_ptr<Buffer> CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) override;
 
-    void UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                         const u8* data) override;
-
-    void DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
-                           u8* data) override;
-
-    void CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
-                   std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) override;
-
 private:
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -870,10 +870,10 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(binding.buffer_offset != 0);
 
     const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = binding.Address();
-    const auto size = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(binding.buffer_size);
-    const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
+    const VkDeviceSize size = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(binding.buffer_size);
+    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
 
-    scheduler.Record([buffer = buffer, offset = offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([buffer = info.handle, offset = info.offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.BindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT(0, 1, &buffer, &offset, &size);
         cmdbuf.BeginTransformFeedbackEXT(0, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
     });
@@ -925,8 +925,8 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupVertexArrays(FixedPipelineState::VertexInput& vertex
             buffer_bindings.AddVertexBinding(DefaultBuffer(), 0);
             continue;
         }
-        const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
-        buffer_bindings.AddVertexBinding(buffer, offset);
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
+        buffer_bindings.AddVertexBinding(info.handle, info.offset);
     }
 }
 
@@ -948,7 +948,9 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
             break;
         }
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = regs.index_array.IndexStart();
-        auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, CalculateIndexBufferSize());
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, CalculateIndexBufferSize());
+        VkBuffer buffer = info.handle;
+        u64 offset = info.offset;
         std::tie(buffer, offset) = quad_indexed_pass.Assemble(
             regs.index_array.format, params.num_vertices, params.base_vertex, buffer, offset);
 
@@ -962,7 +964,9 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
             break;
         }
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = regs.index_array.IndexStart();
-        auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, CalculateIndexBufferSize());
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, CalculateIndexBufferSize());
+        VkBuffer buffer = info.handle;
+        u64 offset = info.offset;
 
         auto format = regs.index_array.format;
         const bool is_uint8 = format == Maxwell::IndexFormat::UnsignedByte;
@@ -1109,10 +1113,9 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupConstBuffer(const ConstBufferEntry& entry,
         Common::AlignUp(CalculateConstBufferSize(entry, buffer), 4 * sizeof(float));
     ASSERT(size <= MaxConstbufferSize);
 
-    const auto [buffer_handle, offset] =
+    const auto info =
         buffer_cache.UploadMemory(buffer.address, size, device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer_handle, offset, size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(info.handle, info.offset, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGlobalBuffer(const GlobalBufferEntry& entry, GPUVAddr address) {
@@ -1126,14 +1129,14 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGlobalBuffer(const GlobalBufferEntry& entry, GPUVAdd
         // Note: Do *not* use DefaultBuffer() here, storage buffers can be written breaking the
         // default buffer.
         static constexpr std::size_t dummy_size = 4;
-        const auto buffer = buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(dummy_size);
-        update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer, 0, dummy_size);
+        const auto info = buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(dummy_size);
+        update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(info.handle, info.offset, dummy_size);
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(
+    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(
         actual_addr, size, device.GetStorageBufferAlignment(), entry.IsWritten());
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer, offset, size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(info.handle, info.offset, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupUniformTexels(const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h

@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@ public:
     /// Ensures that "size" bytes of memory are available to the GPU, potentially recording a copy.
     void Unmap(u64 size);
 
-    VkBuffer Handle() const {
+    VkBuffer Handle() const noexcept {
         return *buffer;
     }
 
+    u64 Address() const noexcept {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
 private:
     struct Watch final {
         VKFenceWatch fence;